1.英语句子的成分问题

2.初中英语基本句型

3.英语怎么分析句子结构

4.英语中 宾补和状语有什么区别

5.求救!英语句子成分练习分析

英语句子结构的练习题_英语句子结构口诀

倒装句是为了强调,一般句中谓语动词要提前

1.seldom __ for a visit because of old age.Heis well over eighty

does he go out

2.in front of the farm house ___

sat a small boy (如果第三个答案改成sits a small boy也对)

3。not a single paper__ the whole term

did Tom write

4。__time, they woule certainly come

if they had had they

5。____,we would not lee

if it does not rain tomorrow(主将从现)

以下是倒装的知识希望对你有用

英语倒装句用法浅析

倒装(Inversion)是一种语法手段,用以表示一定句子结构的需要和强调某一句子成分的需要。英语的最基本结构是主、谓结构,倒装就是将这种比较固定的结构加以颠倒。

倒装有两种:将主语和谓语完全颠倒过来,叫做完全倒装(Complete Inversion)。如:In came a man with a white beard.

只将助动词(包括情态动词)移至主语之前,叫做部分倒装(Partial Inversion)。如:Only once was John late to class.

英语句子的倒装一是由于语法结构的需要而进行的倒装,二是由于修辞的需要而进行的倒装。前一种情况,倒装是必须的,否则就会出现语法错误;后一种情况,倒装是选择性的,倒装与否只会产生表达效果上的差异。下面本文就拟从其修辞功能谈谈倒装句的用法。

一、 表示强调:

倒装句最突出、最常见的修辞效果就是强调,其表现形式如下:

1. only +状语或状语从句置于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1:Only in this way can you solve this problem. 只有用这种方法,你才可以解决这个问题。

例2:Only after he had spoken out the word did he realize he had made a big mistake.只有当他已经说出那个字后才意识到自己犯了个大错误。

2. not, little, hardly, scarcely, no more, no longer, in no way, never, seldom, not only, no sooner等具有否定意义的词或词组位于句首,句子用部分倒装。

例1: No sooner had I got home than it began to rain. 我刚到家就下起了雨。

例2: Seldom do I go to work by bus. 我很少乘公共汽车上班。

3. so / such...that结构中的so或such位于句首可以构成部分倒装句,表示强调so /such和that之间的部分。

例1:So unreasonable was his price that everybody startled. 他的要价太离谱,令每个人都瞠目结舌。

例2:To such length did she go in rehearsal that the two actors walked out. 她的彩排进行得那么长,以致于那两个演员都走出去了。

以上各例都用倒装语序突出了句首成分,其语气较自然语序强烈,因而具有极佳的修辞效果。

二、 承上启下

有时倒装可把前一句说到的人或物,或与前一句有联系的人或物在下一句紧接着先说出来,从而使前后两句在意思上的关系更加清楚,衔接更加紧密,起到承上启下的作用。

例1: They broke into her uncle's bedroom and found the man lying on the floor, dead. Around his head was a brown snake. 他们破门进入她叔叔的卧室,发现他躺在地板上死了。一条棕褐色的蛇缠在他头上。

例2: We really should not resent being called paupers. Paupers we are, and paupers we shall remain. 我们确实不应因为被称作穷光蛋而愤愤不平。我们的确是穷光蛋,而且还会继续是穷光蛋。

三、 制造悬念,渲染气氛

在新闻或文学创作中,有时为了内容的需要,或是为了强调,作者常常运用倒装来制造悬念,渲染气氛。如:

Hanging on the wall was a splendid painting. 墙上挂着一幅精美的图画。

再如朗费罗(Longfellow)《雪花》中的一节:

Out of the bosom of the Air,

Out of the cloud-folds of her garments shaken,

Over the woodlands brown and bare,

Over the harvest-fields forsaken,

Silent, and soft, and slow,

Descends the snow.

在这一节诗里 ,诗人就富有创意地运用了倒装。在前五行中 ,诗人堆砌了七个状语,状语连续出现而主语和谓语却迟迟未露 ,造成一种悬念效应。全节读罢 ,读者才对诗歌的主题恍然大悟 ,因而收到了不同凡响的艺术效果。

四、 平衡结构

英语修辞的一个重要原则是尾重原则,即把句子最复杂的成分放在句尾以保持句子平衡。在语言使用中为了避免产生头重脚轻、结构不平衡的句子,我们常用倒装语序。

1. 以作状语的介词短语开头:当主语较长或主语所带修饰语较长时,为了使句子平衡,常将状语置于句首,句子用完全倒装语序。

例1:A. To the coal mine came a com-pany of PLA soldiers with orders from the headquarters to rescue the tred miners.

B. A company of PLA soldiers came to the coal mine with orders from the headquarters to rescue the tred miners.

一个连队的解放军战士来到了那座煤矿,奉司令部之命解救受困的矿工。

例2:A. On the ground lay some air conditioners, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

B. Some air conditioners lay on the ground, which are to be shipped to some other cities.

地上放着一些空调,等着用船运到其他城市去。

从例句中可看出, 用倒装语序的A句结构平衡稳妥 ,读起来自然流畅,而用自然语序的B句结构零乱, 读起来也别扭。因而,在主语较长时就应用倒装语序以取得理想的表达效果。

2. 以表语开头的句子:有时为了把较长的主语放在后面,须将表语和谓语都提到主语前。如:

Such would be our home in the future. 我们将来的家就是这个样子。

3. 以副词here , there开头的句子,也用完全倒装来保持句子平衡。如:

Here is the letter you he been looking forward to. 你盼望已久的信在这儿。

五、 使描写生动

有时为了使叙述或描绘更加生动形象,增加语言效果,可将表示方向的副词(如:down, up, out, in, off, on, away等)或拟声词(bang, crack等)置于句首,句子用全部倒装的语序(主语为人称代词的句子除外)。如:

Up went the rocket into the air. 嗖地一声火箭就飞上天了。

Down jumped the criminal from the third floor when the policeman pointed his pistol at him. 当警察把瞄准那个罪犯时,嘭地一下他就从三楼跳了下去。

Boom went the cannon! 轰隆一声大炮开火了!

Bang came another shot!砰!又是一声枪响!

以上句子简洁明快 ,生动逼真地描述了有关动作 ,令我们一览此类倒装的风。但这种倒装句的修辞功能在语段中可以体现得更为清楚。

“Stop thief! Stop thief!” There is a magic cry in the sound. The tradesman lees his counter, ... Away they run, pell—mell, helter—skelter, yelling—screaming, ...

“Stop thief ! Stop thief !” The cry is taking by a hundred voices, ... Away they fly, splashing through the mud, up go the window, out run the people. ( Dickens )

作者在第一段和第二段中分别用副词away, up和out位于句首引出四个倒装句Away they run , Away they fly, up go the window , out run the people。从而制造出一种紧张、急促的气氛 ,生动地刻画了一个紧张、混乱的捉贼场面。

倒装是英语中一个重要的修辞手段。倒装句的使用丰富了我们的语言表达,了解并掌握倒装句各种句式的用法 , 不仅会提高我们对英语语言的欣赏能力 , 对英语表达能力的提高也将大有裨益。因此,写作中适当用一些倒装句式定会使文章表达更生动、有力

英语句子的成分问题

首先要问你一下,你英语中的十大词类都知道吗?不知道的话先了解一下十大词类,因为分析句子成分和句型时要说到那些词可以充当句子的什么成分,如动词充当谓语,形容词一般是定语,等等。下面是我个人从网上找的一些,看看吧,希望对你有帮助,高三了,加油!!!!!

五种基本句型

句子成分:

主语(subject),主语由名词、名词短语或代词构成。在主动句,它表示“谁”或“什么”做这个动作;在被动句中,它表示“谁”或“什么”受到了动作的影响。

You worry too much at times.

A year is divided into 12 different starsigns.

2.谓语(predicate),谓语主要有动词和描述主语以外的其他成分。

You like me.

表语(predicative),表语是跟在系动词后面的形容词、短语或名词词组。

You are strong.

The music sounds beautiful.

宾语(object):

直接宾语(direct object),直接宾语由名词或代词充当。它所指的是被谓语直接影响的人或物。

You enjoy life. / You he manyfriends.

间接宾语(indirect object),指的是谓语没有直接做的一个人(事)或一群人(事)

She is showing me an article.

He bought his friends nice gifts.

宾语补足语(object complement),宾语补足语可以使形容词、名词词组或名词,它用来说明或描述句子的宾语。

We call her Xi Wang. / This problem made me unhy.

定语(attribute),定语是由名词词组和形容词词组来充当,放在名词前并修饰它。

I was reading the school newspaper.

You are a hard-working person.

状语(adverbial),状语由副词短语、介词短语或名词短语来充当。它给我们更多信息,例如动作是怎么样、何时、何地发生的。

You do not give up easily.

You are selfish at times.

五种基本句型:

1. S+V, 主(语)+谓(语),

能做谓语的在十大词类中只有一种词类:动词,也就是说只用动词具有作谓语的“专利”,所以我们往往把“谓语”和“动词”连在一起叫做“谓语动词”。虽然主语是“头把交椅”,但是谓语是一个句子中最重要的成分,一个句子可以缺少主语,但是谓语是不能少的。

对于什么是及物动词和不及物动词也是同学们常问到的问题,对于这两个“东东”的认识,我们还是来看看语法专著上是怎么解释的:有些动词后面通常直接跟用作宾语的名词或代词。在语法上,这些动词成为“及物动词”,有些动词后面通常不直接跟宾语,这些动词成为“不及物动词”,

例如:I likeEnglish .其中的 like 是及物动词,为什么这么说呢?因为它后面直接跟了个宾语 English,如果它后面不跟English的话,句子含义就不完整,你到底喜欢什么呢,好像话没说完似的,所以说及物动词后面必须带宾语。

He often swims in the river(他经常在河里游泳),其中的swims 是不及物动词,为什么呢?应为它后面没带宾语,说他游泳句子意思已经表达很清楚完整了,没必要再加宾语了,你说还游泳个什么?有的要说了,那 in the river 在这里不就是宾语嘛,NO! 它在这儿不是宾语,因为它不可能作为“游泳”的对象,那它会是什么呢?实际上,in the river 在这里是状语的,而且是表示地点的状语。又有疑问了,那啥是状语呀?

2.S+V+P,主系表结构

这种句型中的系动词一般可分为下列两类:

A. 表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem,ear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain, 等等。如:

8) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持谦虚。

9) 这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.

B. 表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get,grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如:

10) Springcomes. It is getting warmer and warmer. 春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

11) Don't hethe food. _______________________________.

不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。

12) The fact__________ ___________. 这个事实证明是正确的。

3.S+V+O, 主语+谓语+宾语

此句型是由三部分组成,主语、谓语、宾语。 需要注意的是:动词后面接名词或代词作宾语对所有及物动词都行得通的,但并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接动词不定式或动名词。这里有三种情况:

其一、有些动词后面只可以接动词不定式,

其二、有些动词后面只可以接动名词,

其三、有些动词两者都可以接,

记忆这些单词的用法的秘诀如下:

秘诀之一:下面的动词后面只可以接动名词,一句话要决记之:

“megafeps”(霉咖啡不吃)

mind(介意)、miss(错过)、enjoy(喜欢)、give up(放弃)、admit(承认)、oid(避免)、finish(完成)、escape(逃脱)、practice(练习)、suggest(建议)

秘诀之二:下面的动词后面只可以接动词不定式,一句话要诀记之:

“要想干,同意办,愿意不愿意,决定尽量干。”

A.要求,想要,希望(want、wish、hope、expect、intend、)

B.同意(agree、promise) C.意愿(care、refuse)

D.决定,企图(determine、decide、offer、attempt、try、manage)

练习:

一 判断下列句子是主谓结构还是主谓宾结构

1.He arrived yesterday. 2. The boy iscrying loudly.

3. She died in 2000. 4. The man diseared in the street.

5. I like music. 6. She wanted some help

7. I slept well last night. 8. Ibuilt a house last year.

9. I bought a computer in the street

yesterday 10. Tom often swims

in the river

11. My sister works in that factory. 12. The sun is rising.

4.S+V+O1+O2, 主语+谓语+宾语(somebody)+宾语(something)

这个句型比上面的句型多了个宾语,谓语后面已经是两个宾语了,那么谓语动词是及物动词是必定无疑了。这两个宾语放在一起叫双宾语(直接宾语+直接宾语),

例如

Lend me your dictionary, please.

如果你还是搞不清楚什么是双宾语,记下下面这个句子: give me a book.一人一物做宾语就是双宾语.说得明白一点,这里的“双”就是两个的意思.。此句型的关键是记住哪些动词后面要接双宾语,因为并不是所有的及物动词后面都可以接宾语的,只有少数的动词。此句型中的谓语动词后接两个宾语:前一个宾语称为"间接宾语",多由代词或名词充当;后一个宾语称为"直接宾语",往往由名词充当。这类句型常有"给某人某物"、"送某人某物"、"留给某人某物"等意思。(所有能带双宾语的动词含义的内核含有一个“给”字。常见的这类谓语动词有:

bring(带给某人……), bring somebody something

tell(告诉某人……), tell somebody something

send(送给某人……), send somebody something

lee(留给某人……), lee somebody something

pass(递给某人……), pass somebody something

read(给某人读……), read somebody something

write(给某人写……), write somebody something

take(给某人拿……), take somebody something

show(给某人看……), show somebody something

teach(教给某人……), teach somebody something

get(给某人弄到……), get somebody something

lend(借给某人……), lend somebody something

buy(给某人买……),buy somebody something

pay(支付给某人……), pay somebody something

hand(递给某人……) ,hand somebody something

例如:

She brought me a shirt .她给我带来一件衬衣。

Pass him the dictionary, please.请将词典递给他。

I lend him my bicycle.我把自行车借给他了。

5. S+V+O+C, 主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

这个句型在有的语法书上又叫做主语+谓语+复合宾语,这里的复合宾语=宾语+宾语补足语,这里又新增加一个“东东”:宾语补足语。

说起宾语补足语来,我们先从初中你熟悉的三个句型说起

ask somebody to do something (邀请某人做某事)

tell somebody to do something (告诉某人做某事)

want somebody to do something (要求某人做某事)

我们再看由这三个句型构成的例句:

1、 I asked him to he dinner.

谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

2.

He told me

to clean the room.

谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

3、 Tom wanted me to meet him .

谓语 宾语 宾语补足语

我们看第一个句子,我邀请他吃饭,他(him)是作邀请(asked)的宾语,如果后面没有to he dinner ,句子意思就不完整,我邀请他,干什么呢?没说清楚,于是就有 tohe dinner 来帮助说清楚,是吃饭的,在这里的to he dinner 就是宾语补足语,这是动词不定式短语作宾补。

(你又在疑惑什么是动词不定式短语呢?大家知道,to do 是动词不定式,但是如果动词不定式中的动词带有宾语或者动词不定式中的动词有副词来修饰,这时的动词不定式就成为不定式短语了。比如 to do something 就是动词不定式短语,换句话说:这里 to he(动词不定式) to he dinner(动词不定式短语)。又比如:to run是动词不定式to runfast 是动词不定式短语)。

实际上,能够作宾补的有很多,我们这里只学习几种常见的:doing \不带to的动词不定式\介词短语\形容词等等。

1、I saw a thief stealing something. (我看到一个贼正在偷东西)

2、He made me gohome (他让我回家)

3、Her mother kept her in the room . (她的妈妈让她待在房间里)

此句型的关键是记住那些动词后面是跟什么样的宾补。比如:我们可以说 ask somebody to do something (to do something 作宾补)我们就不能说 ask somebodydoing something 换句话说,到底是跟动词不定式作宾补还是doing 作宾补是某些动词的“专利权”,不可侵犯。

下面我给大家想办法记住动词后面是跟什么样的宾补:

首先,哪些动词后面是跟带to的动词不定式(动词不定式可以分为带to的动词不定式和不带to的不定式两种,不带to的不定式实际上就是动词原形)作宾补的。

主要有: order somebody to do something

want somebody to do something

tell somebody to do something

invite somebody to do something

ask somebody to do something

beg somebody to do something

我们可以按照语气的强弱来记忆这几个单词:命令>要求>告诉>邀请>请求>乞求

此外,还有

advise somebody to do something, allow

somebody to do something

warn somebody to do something, teach somebody to do something

初中英语基本句型

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。

Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。

2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。

Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:

Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。

Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。

从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在**院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持而交的钱。 如果将上面的复合句中所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their 我们很容易看出,上面的所有这些句子既不是陈述句、疑问句,也不是祁使句,更不是感叹句。也就是说,它们不是独立的句子;也只有在附属于主句后才能获得意义如下:1)因为许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话 2)他来与不来 3)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币 4)它过去的样子5)植物性食品不同于动物性食品6)人们支持而交的上面的这些句子在我们中文里如同是人们常说的"半截话";在英文中也就是个"词或词组"了。 B. 我们虽然说过,从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的,但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即:从属关系词。由此可以看出,从句的另一个特点是:从属关系词总是立于从句之首. C. 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来(除少数倒装的情况外),从句中的语序应该是正常语序。 D. 关于从句种类的划分有两种方法:按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分。如果按从句的词性划分,从句可分为三种:名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。如果按从句的句子功能划分(也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分),从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。其实,这两种划分从句的方法在逻辑上是一致的.我们知道,能在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的往往是名词、代词等,所以名词从句涵盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。形容词和副词常分别在句中担当定语和状语,所以,形容词从句和副词从句其实分别是定语从句和状语从句。 名词从句名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。我们在前面说过,名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类: 1.从属连词:that(无有词义) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.关系代词:who(谁,主格) , whom(谁,宾格),whose谁的,所有格) , what(什么),which(哪个,哪些) 3.关系副词:when(什么时候) where(什么地方)why(为什么) , how(怎样) 名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分,只起连接的作用;而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用,而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分;关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外,在使用上面的这些关系词时,有几个问题值得我们注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情况. 1)引导主语从句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正确)我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正确) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(错误) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (错误) 2)作介词的宾语,例如: I he no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正确)我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。 I he no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (错误) 3)后接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正确)他不知道是他自己先去还是在这儿等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (错误) 4)后接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正确) 我们担心他们会不会准时到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (错误)其次,what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的"。这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定。例如: I don't understand what you said.我不理解你所说的话。 What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤于练习。 Money is what she is really after.金钱是她所真正追求的东西。 People he different ideas about what hiness means . 人们对于幸福的含义有不同见解。最后,要了解 -ever = no matter ,用于表示强调,意为"无论……"。也就是说: whatever = no matter what(无论什么) whoever = no matter who(无论谁) whichever = no matter which(无论那个) whenever =no matter when (无论何时) wherever = no matter where(无论何地) however = no matter how (无论怎样) A 主语从句用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如: Whether he'll come or not remains a question . 他是否会来依然是一个问题。 Whoever says that is not allowed .无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study . 她每天早晨朗读英文对提高她的英语学习起了很大的作用。 要点提示在使用主语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)尽管主从连词that在主语从句中没有任何意义,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience .这幢楼里没有电梯是极大的不便之处。 It is necessary (that) he he his further study incollege.(当主语从句在后面时,连词that可以省去)他在大学进一步深造是完全必要的。 2)为了保持句子平衡或在正式文体中,常用先行It代替主语从句而将主语从句置于句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not . 他是否会来,依然是一个问题。 It is not allowed Whoever says that. 无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 3)在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中,由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因,that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有: essential(绝对必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能够的), imperative(必须的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遗憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(适当的), urgent(紧急的), duty(义务、责任), a pity (遗憾), no wonder(难怪), a regret(遗憾)。例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should he passed the exam. 他这次考试居然会及格,真是个奇迹。 4)以what引导的主语从句常用于句首表示强调。 What they need now is financial aid . 他们现在所需要的是经济援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me . 她怎么样看我,对我来说无所谓。 What you he said hurt her a lot .你所说的话对她伤害很大。 B 宾语从句用作谓语动词、介词以及非谓语动词形式的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。也就是说,只要是用一个主谓结构去充当宾语,那么这个主谓结构就称为宾语从句。 例如: I believe that he will find a job in that publisher .(作谓语动词的宾语)我相信,他一定会在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said . (作介词的宾语)她对他们说的话,一笑置之。 要点提示在使用宾语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)宾语从句与主句的时态一致性问题这种一致性的要求,只有当主句的谓语动词用于"过去时区"的时候才存在。凡是在"过去时区"内的各种不同时态都在其中。另外,这种一致性只要求宾语从句的谓语动词也用于"过去时区"即可,至于用什么样具体的时态就要依从句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime . 他曾经告诉我说,他会在某个时候参加俱乐部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere . 我记得我曾在哪儿见过他。 She thought that she would he finished what she was doing by the end of the month . 她认为在那个月底她将完成她手头上做的事。 2)if引导的宾语从句不能作介词的宾语,而只有用whether引导才行。这一点在上面刚刚讲过.(略) 3)某些动词后面,宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。这一点已在"虚拟语气"一章中讨论过了,本章只作简单的复习。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词,常见的有:command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), recommend(推荐), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建议),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行的期限。 C 表语从句在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后.例如: The problem is where we can hold our meeting . 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。 It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed . 其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。 That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。 D 同位语从句同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构.在使用同位语从句时要特别注意:尽管主从连词that在同位语从句中没有任何意义,但却不能省略。另外,同位语从句常用于下面这些名词的后面(其中,斜体字的名词后面所接的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气): fact(事实), fear(担心、害怕), belief(信念,意见), evidence(证据), hope(希望), idea(想法) news(新闻), dou(怀疑), suggestion(建议), motion(动议), proposal(提议), order(命令), recommendation(推荐),等等。例如: There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon . 有消息说一个美国代表团将于明天下午抵达北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals ? 是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization. 我们都知道这样一个事实:把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening ? 他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样?

英语怎么分析句子结构

主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语

在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。

1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)

2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)

3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)

4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)

5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)

6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)

7.He believed them to he discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)

8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)

9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补)

10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)

11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)

注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。

1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.

分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。

2.I think it best that you should stay with us.

分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。

注意:

1.习惯用语的使用

在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用。

例:

We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)

She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)

He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)

We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语)

2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。

例:ask

①Did you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语)

②She asked them their names.(接双宾语)

③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)

④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)

⑤Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用)

⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)

3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…”

①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.

②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.

③主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).

④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.

⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。

There used to be a cinema here.

There seems to be something the matter with her.

Is there going to be any activity tonight?

⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变翻译疑问句也要借助there。

Is there any hope of getting the job?

There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?

⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:

Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.

There came a knock at the door.

At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.

⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:

You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)

The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)

There being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构)

■巩固性练习

请判断下列句子的结构类型

1.He is running.

2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.

3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.

4.She seemed angry.

5.My father bought me a beautiful present.

6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?

7.Will you tell us an exciting story?

8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.

9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.

10.Can you push the window open?

答案:

1.主语---动词

2.主语---动词---宾语---补语

3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语

4.主语---动词----表语

5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语

6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语

7.主语---动词---宾语---补语

8.主语---动词---宾语---补语

9.主语---动词---宾语---补语

10.主语---动词---宾语---补语

英语中 宾补和状语有什么区别

分析句子结构主要要了解句子中成分(如主、谓、宾)所起到的作用和位置,这些东西是基本不变的.还有他们的用法,这样要分析句的成分就简单多了.其实英语的句子结构很好分析,因为英语的层次感本来就很强.、

I saw him running yesterday with someone strange.我昨天看见他跟一个陌生人一起跑步(句子很简单,呵呵)I(主语)saw(谓语)him(宾语)running(后只定语)yesterday(时间状语)with引导方式状语

语感差不多就是,比如当你在做填空题是,你直觉就觉得应该填写那个词.当然正确的语感是建立在丰富的知识储备和大量的练习上的.因此锻炼语感可以通过读英文书或看**等方式.

求救!英语句子成分练习分析

解析首先,你需要学习句子成分及五种简单句子结构英语知识。请看看下面并完成对应练习,你会有收获。

简单句的五种基本句型讲解及练习题

一、句子成份

英语句子成分有主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,表语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语:表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般位于句首。但在there be结构、疑问句(当主语不疑问词时)和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面。主语可由名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词、名词化的形容词和主语从句等表示。例如:

Country music has become more and more popular.(名词)

We often speak English in class.(代词)

One-third of the students in this class are girls.(数词)

To swim in the river is a great pleasure.(不定式)

Smoking does harm to the health.(动名词)

The rich should help the poor.(名词化的形容词)

When we are going to he an English test has not been decided.(主语从句)

It is necessary to master a foreign language.(it作形式主语,真正的主语为后面的不定式)

2、谓语:谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

1)简单谓语: We study for the people.

2)复合谓语: I can speak a little English. We are reading books. He has gone to Beijing..

3、表语:它位于系动词(比如be)之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。

My sister is a nurse.

Is it yours?(代词)

The weather has turned cold.(形容词)

The speech is exciting.(分词)

Three times seven is twenty one?(数词)

His job is to teach English.(不定式)

His hobby(爱好)is playing football.(动名词)

The ruler must be inyour box.(介词短语)

Time is up. The class is over.(副词)

The truth is that he has never been abroad.(表语从句)

4、宾语:宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,We like English.

How many dictionaries do you he? I he five.(数词)

They helped the old with their housework yesterday.(名词化形容词)

It began to rain.(不定式短语)

I enjoy listening to popular music.(动名词短语)

I think(that)he is fit for his office.(宾语从句)

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

He ge me some ink.

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:

We make him our monitor(班长).

5、宾补:就是宾语补足语,就是补充说明宾语的 I see you crossing the street

His father named him Dongming.(名词)

They painted(涂漆) their boat white.(形容词)

Let the fresh(新鲜的) air in.(副词)

You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you.(不定式短语)

We saw her entering the room.(现在分词)

We found everythingin the lab in good order.(介词短语)

6、定语:在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 He is anew student.

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

The bike in the room/over there/is mine.

Guilin is a beautiful city.(形容词)

Chinais a developing(发展中) country; America is a developed(发达) country.(分词)

Thereare thirty women teachers is our school.(名词)

His progress(进步)in English made us surprised.(代词)

Ourmonitor(班长) is always the first toenter the classroom.(不定式短语)

Heis reading an article(文章) about how to learnEnglish.(介词短语)

7、状语:修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London.

Light trels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组)

He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语)

He is sorry to trouble(麻烦) you.(不定式短语)

He is in the room making a model plane.(分词短语)

Once(一旦0 you begin, you must continue.(状语从句)

状语种类如下:

How about meeting again at six?(时间状语)

Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.(原因状语)

I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.(条件状语)

Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状语)

Sh eput the eggs into the basket with great care.(方式状语)

She came in with a dictionary in her hand.(伴随状语)

In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder.(目的状语)

He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.(结果状语)

She works very hard though she is old.(让步状语)

I am taller than he is.(比较状语)

一、指出下列句子划线部分是什么句子成分:

1. The studentsgot on the school bus.

2. He handed me the newspaper.

3. I shall answer your question after class.

4. His job is totrain swimmers.

5. He took many photos of the palaces in Beijing.

6. His wish is tobecome a scientist.

7. Hewants tofinish the work in time.

8. Tom came to ask mefor advice(建议).

9. He found it important to master English.

10. Do you he anythingelse to say?

11. Would you pleasetell me your address?

12. He sat there,reading a newspaper.

13. It is ourduty to keep our classroom clean and tidy.

14. He noticed(注意到) a man enterthe room.

15. The les tasted sweet.

简单句的五种基本句型

英语句子看上去纷繁庞杂,但仔细观察不外乎五个基本句式。这五个基本句式可以演变出多种复杂的英语句子。换言之,绝大多数英语句子都是由这五个基本句式生成的。这五个基本句式如下:

S十V主谓结构 主语 + 不及物动词

S十V十P主系表结构 主语 + 连系动词 +表语

S十V十O主谓宾结构 主语 + 及物动词 +宾语

S十V十O1十O2主谓双宾结构

S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构

判断类型和句子成分:

She came. She likes English. She is hy.

The teacher asked me to read the passage. She bought a book for me.

She ge John a book. My headaches.

She makes her mother angry. The sun was shining. The moon rose.

They talked forhalf an hour. 他们谈了半个小时。

The dinner smellsgood. 午餐的气味很好。 Everything looks different. 一切看来都不同了。

He is growing tall and strong. 他长得又高又壮。 His face turned red. 他的脸红了。

Who knows theanswer? 谁知道答案? He enjoys reading. 他喜欢看书。

I want to he a cup of tea. 我想喝杯茶。He bought you a dictionary.

She ordered herself anew dress. 她给自己定了一套新衣裳。

She cooked her husband a delicious meal. 她给丈夫煮了一餐美馔。

I showed him my pictures. I ge my car a wash.我洗了我的汽车。

He showed me how to run the machine. 他教我开机器。 What makes him think so? 他怎么会这样想?

The children are playing hily. The Greens enjoy living in China.

He became a famous doctor. 他成为了一名著名的医生。

Thele pie tastes really delicious. 苹果派吃起来真是好吃。

基本句型一: S十V主谓结构

这种句型中的动词大多是不及物动词:ear, apologize, arrive, come, die, disear, fall,hen, rise,

1).学生们学习很努力。_____________________________________

基本句型二: S十V十P主系表结构常见的系动词有:be(是); get(变得), become(成为), turn(变得), look(看起来), feel(感到), smell(闻起来), taste(尝起来), sound(听起来), seem(似乎)

A.表示状态的连系动词。这些词有:be, look, seem, ear, smell, taste, sound, keep, remain,等等。

8) We should __________ __________ any time. 我们在任何时候都应该保持安静。

9)这种食物尝起来很糟糕。_________________________________________________.

B.表示转变或结果的系动词。这些词有:become, get, grow, turn, go, come, prove,等等。如:

10) Spring comes. It is ______________________________.春天到了,天气变得越来越暖和。

11) Don't he the food._______________________________.不要吃那种食物,它已经变质了。

基本句型三: S十V十O主谓宾结构

13)我昨天看了一部**。________________________________________________.

16)Theyhe ________ ________ _________ of the children.这些孩子他们照看得很好。

基本句型四: S十V十间接宾语“人”十直接宾语“物”结构 间接宾语前需要加to 的常用动词有: bring, give,hand, lend, offer, pass, pay, read, sell, send, show, teach, tell wish, write等。

间接宾语前需要加for 的常用动词有: buy, choose, make, order, paint, play(演奏), sing,等。

18)Yesterdayher father _______________ ________ _____ ____________ as a birthday present. 昨天她父亲给她买了一辆自行车作为生日礼物。

19) The old man ___ ________ ____ __________ _________ in the Long March.(正在给孩子们讲故事)

这种句型还可转换为:动词+直接宾语+for/ to sb.

20) Please show meyour picture. ==Please _________ ________ __________ _____ _____. 请把你的画给我看一下。 I _______ _______the salt. = I _______thesalt _____ _____. 我把书递给他。

基本句型五: S十V十O十C主谓宾补结构 此句型的句子的共同特点是:动词虽然是及物动词,但是只跟一个宾语还不能表达完整的意思,必须加上一个补充成分来补足宾语。call(叫), choose(选), find(发现), make, name, (命名)

22)Keep________________________________, please.请让孩子们安静下来。

23)They painted ______ ______ ________. 他们把门漆成绿色。 We must ______ ______ ________ ______. 我们必须保持我们的学校洁。

He asked me _____ ________ ________ soon. 他要我早点回来。

24)我们发现他是一个懒惰的人。______________________________________________.

注意:动词he, make, let, see, hear, notice, feel,watch等后面所接的动词不定式作宾补时,不带to。如:25)The boss _______________ _________ all day. (迫使他劳动) We saw _____ ____ _____. (他出去)。

考点突破训练

( )1、Iam sorry to he kept you______

Ato wait B wait C waited D waiting

( )2、I felt somebody ______ me

Atouch B touched C to touch D touches

( )3、He taught me _____ speak English

A how should B how C how can I D how to

( )4、I shall make your dream ______

A coming truly B come true C to come true D comes true

( )5、He told _____ home

A usnot to go B we not go C us not go D us to not go

( )6、I think _____ a good habit to get up early

A this B it C that D its

( )7、Roses in bloom smell ______

Asweeten B sweetly C sweet D sweetness

( )1. The weather ____.

A. wet and cold B. is wet and cold C. not wet and cold D.were wet and cold

( ) 2. The le tasted ____.

A. sweets B.sweetly C. nicely D. sweet

( ) 3. He got up ____ yesterday morning.

A. lately B. late C.latest D. latter

( )4.____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.

A. We, us B.Us, we C. We, our D. We, we

( )5.Ithink _____necessary(必要的) to learn English well.

A. its B.it C. that D. that is

( ) 6. The dog ____ mad(疯的).

A. looks B.is looked C. is being looked D.was looked

判断下列句子是简单句、并列句还是复合句:

1. We often study Chinese historyon Friday afternoon.

2. The boy who offered me his seatis called Tom.

3. There is a chair in this room,isn’t there?

4. My brother and I go to schoolat half past seven in the morning and come back home at seven in the evening.

5. He is in Class One and I am inClass Two.

6. He was fond of drawing when hewas yet a child.

7. Neither has he changed hismind, nor will he do so.

8. What he said at the meeting isvery important, isn’t it?

9. The farmer is showing the boyhow to plant a tree.

10. Both Tom and Jack enjoycountry music.

Learnig Englishi is very difficult 中 Learnig English是主语。

Why don't you answer when you are spoken to 中when you are spoken to 是时间状语从句

You can take all of them 中all of them 是take 的宾语。

After living in Paris for fifty years he returned to the small town where he grew up 中where he grew up 是定语从句,修饰前面的town。

He asked me to open the window 中open the window 是宾语补足语。

They came into the classroom ,laughing中laughing是伴随状语

But it's good to swim in summer中 to swim in summer是主语,前面的it 是形式主语。

My work is teaching English中 is teaching English是谓语,其中is是助动词。

I cannot answer the question 中cannot answer 是谓语。

These is a pen ,two rulers and three books on the desk中a pen ,two rulers and three books 是表语。