句子结构知识点_句子结构知识点归纳总结

1.八年级英语上册知识点语法结构

2.英语语法知识大全汇总

3.初中英语知识点归纳总结

4.英语语法倒装句的知识点

5.谁能给我分析一下这个句子结构，以及相关的语法知识点

6.高中英语句子成分分析

7.英语倒装句的结构及知识点？省略句的结构及知识点？主谓一致的相关知识点？

一.概念

状语从句修饰主句中的动词,形容词,副词等,在复合句中作状语.引导状语从句的关联词是从属连词.状语从句用陈述句语序,一般位于复合句的句首或句末.当从句在句首时,从句后常用逗号和主句相隔.状语从句根据其在句中的不同作用分别表示时间,地点,原因,目的,结果,条件,比较,让步,行为方式等.

二.相关知识点精讲

1.地点状语从句

地点状语从句通常由where, wherever 引导.例如：

Where I live there are plenty of trees. 我住的地方树很多.

Wherever I am I will be thinking of you. 不管我在哪里我都会想到你.

2.方式状语从句

方式状语从句通常由as, （just） as…so…, as if, as though引导.

1）as, （just） as…so…引导的方式状语从句通常位于主句后,但在（just） as…so…结构中位于句首,这时as从句带有比喻的含义,意思是"正如…","就像",多用于正式文体.例如：

Always do to the others as you would be done by. 你希望人家怎样待你,你就要怎样待人.

As water is to fish, so air is to man. 我们离不开空气,犹如鱼儿离不开水.

Just as we sweep our rooms, so we should sweep backward ideas from our minds.

正如打扫房屋一样,我们也要扫除我们头脑中落后的东西.

2）as if, as though

两者的意义和用法相同,引出的状语从句谓语多用虚拟语气,表示与事实相反,有时也用陈述语气,表示所说情况是事实或实现的可能性较大.汉译常作"仿佛……似的","好像……似的".例如：

They completely ignore these facts as if （as though） they never existed. 他们完全忽略了这些事实,就仿佛它不存在似的.（与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.）

He looks as if （as though） he had been hit by lighting. 他那样子就像被雷击了似的.（与事实相反,谓语用虚拟语气.）

It looks as if the weather may pick up very soon. 看来天气很快就会好起来.（实现的可能性较大,谓语用陈述语气.）

说明：as if / as though也可以引导一个分词短语、不定式短语或无动词短语.例如：

He stared at me as if seeing me for first time. 他目不转睛地看着我,就像第一次看见我似的.

He cleared his throat as if to say something. 他清了清嗓子,像要说什么似的.

The wes dashed on the rocks as if in anger. 波涛冲击着岩石,好像很愤怒

3.原因状语从句

比较because, since, as和for：

1）because语势最强,用来说明人所不知的原因,回答why提出的问题.当原因是显而易见的或已为人们所知,就用as或 since.例如：

I didn't go, because I was afraid. 我不去是因为我怕.

Since /As the weather is so bad, we he to delay our journey. 天气那么糟,旅行推迟了.

2）由because引导的从句如果放在句末,且前面有逗号,则可以用for来代替.但如果不是说明直接原因,而是多种情况加以推断,就只能用for.例如：

He is absent today, because / for he is ill. 他今天缺席,因为他病了.

He must be ill, for he is absent today. 他一定病了,所以今天缺席.

4.目的状语从句

表示目的状语的从句可以由that, so that, in order that, lest, for fear that, in case等词引导.例如：

You must speak louder so that /in order that you can be heard by all. 你必须大点声,别人就能听见了.

He wrote the name down for fear that（lest） he should forget it. 他写下了这个名字以免以后忘记.

Better take more clothes in case the weather is cold. 最好多穿点衣服,以防天发冷.

5.结果状语从句

结果状语从句常由so…that 或 such…that引导.so…that与such…that之间可以转换.例如：

The boy is so young that he can't go to school. 这男孩年龄太小,不能上学.

He is such a young boy that he can't go to school

6. 条件状语从句

连接词主要有 if, unless, as/so long as, on condition that 等.if 引导的条件句有真实条件句和非真实条件句两种.非真实条件句已在虚拟语气中阐述.

unless = if not.　 例如：

Let's go out for a walk unless you are too tired. 如果不太累,我们去散散步.

If you are not too tied, let's go out for a walk.

典型例题

You will be late ___ you lee immediately.　

A. unless　 B. until　 C. if　　D. or

答案A.句意：除非你立即走,否则你就回迟到的.可转化为 If you dong lee immediately, you will be late.B、D句意不对,or表转折,句子如为 You lee immediately or you will be late.

7. 让步状语从句

1）though, although引导的让步状语从句,后面的从句不能有but,但是 though 和yet可连用.例如：

Although it's raining, they are still working in the field.　虽然在下雨,但他们仍在地里干活.

He is very old, but he still works very hard. 虽然他很老了,但仍然努力地工作.

Though the sore be healed, yet a scar may remain. 伤口虽愈合,但伤疤留下了.（谚语）

2） as, though 引导的让步从句必须表语或状语提前（形容词、副词、分词、实义动词提前）.例如：

　Child as /though he was, he knew what was the right thing to do. 虽然是个小孩,该做什么不做什么,他全知道.

3） ever if, even though　即使.例如：

We'll make a trip even though the weather is bad. 即使天气不好,我们也要去远足.

4） whether…or…　不管……都.例如：

Whether you believe it or not, it is true. 信不信由你,这确实是真的.

5）　"no matter +疑问词" 或"疑问词+后缀ever" .例如：

No matter what hened, he would not mind. =Whatever hened, he would not mind. 不管发生什么,他不在意.

　替换：no matter what = whatever

no matter who = whoever

no matter when = whenever

no matter where = wherever

no matter which = whichever

no matter how = however

注意：no matter 不能引导主语从句和宾语从句.

8. 比较while, when, as

1）as, when 引导短暂性动作的动词.例如：

　 Just as / Just when / When I stopped my car, a man came up to me. 我一刹车,有一个人向我走来.

2）当从句的动作发生于主句动作之前,只能用when 引导这个从句,不可用as 或 while.例如：

　 When you he finished your work, you may he a rest. 赶完活后,你可以休息一下.

3）从句表示"随时间推移"连词能用as,不用when 或while.例如：

　 As the day went on, the weather got worse.　日子一天天过去,天气越变越坏.

9.比较until和till

此两个连词意义相同.肯定形式表示的意思是"做某事直至某时",动词必须是延续性的.否定形式表达的意思是"直至某时才做某事".动词为延续性或非延续性都可以.正确使用这两个连词的关键之一就在于判断句中的动词该用肯定式还是否定式.肯定句：I slept until midnight. 我一直睡到半夜时醒了.

Wait till I call you. 等着我叫你.（在肯定句中可用before代替.例如 Let's get in the wheat before the sun sets.）

否定句：She didn't arrive until 6 o'clock. 她直到6点才到.

Don't get off the bus until it has stopped. 公共汽车停稳后再下车.

I didn't manage to do it until you had explained how. 直到你教我后,我才会做.

区别：1）until可用于句首,而till通常不用于句首.例如：

Until you told me, I had heard nothing of what hened. 直到你告诉我以前,出了什么事我一点也不知道.

2）until when 疑问句中,until要放在句首.例如：

---Until when are you staying?　你呆到什么时候?

--- Until next Monday.　呆到下周一.　

注意：否定句可用另外两种句式表示.

1）Not until…在句首,主句用倒装.例如：

Not until the early years of the 19th century did man know what heat is. 直到19 世纪初,人类才知道热为何物.

Not until I began to work did I realize how much time I had wasted. 直到工作,才认识到我已蹉跎了几多岁月.

2）It is not until… that… .例如：

It was not until I began to work that I realized how much time I had wasted.

10.表示"一…就…"的结构

hardly/scarcely…when/before, no sooner…than　和as soon as都可以表示"一…就…"的意思.例如：

I had hardly / scarcely got home when it began to rain. 刚回家,就下起雨来了.

I had no sooner got home than it began to rain.

As soon as I got home, it began to rain.

注意：如果hardly, scarcely 或no sooner置于句首,句子必须用倒装结构.例如：

Hardly / Scarcely had I got home when it began to rain.

No sooner had I got home than it began to rain.

同学您好,如果问题已解决,记得纳哦~~~您的纳是对我的肯定~

祝您策马奔腾哦~

八年级英语上册知识点语法结构

there be句型考点预测

〔考点一〕there be句型的结构

〔解析〕英语表示“什么地方或时间存在什么人物”,常用“there ＋be ＋名词＋地点（时间）状语”结构.

这种句子结构中的there是个引导词,本身无词义.系动词be是谓语动词,其后的名词为主语,be与名词必须保持数的一致,句子最后为地点（时间）状语.如：

There is a blackboard on the wall.墙上有块黑板.

There are a lot of desks and chairs in the classroom．教室里有很多桌椅.

如果有两个或更多的主语,谓语常和最接近它的那个主语取得一致.

There is only a table,four chairs and a small bed in the room．房间里只有一个桌子,四把椅子和一张小床.

〔模拟小考场〕单项选择.

1．There two knives in the pencil-box．

A．is B．am C．be D．are

2．Look!There some water in the bottle．

A．is B．was C．be D．are

3．There an le and some pears on the table．

A．am B．be C．is D．are

〔考点二〕there be句型的否定结构

〔解析〕there be的否定结构有两种方法：

1．一种是将否定副词not加在be之后.如：

There is not a telephone in the room．房间里没有电话.

There aren't any chairs in the room．房间里没有椅子.

There isn't any water in the bottle．瓶子里没有水.

2．另一种是将形容词no放在主语前.如：

There are no clouds in the sky．天上没有云.

There was no water in the pond．池塘里一点水也没有.

〔模拟小考场〕根据句意用适当的词填空.

1．—Are there pens on the desk?

—There are pens on the desk．

2．There any rulers in the bag．

3．There any bread on the plate．

〔考点三〕there be句型的疑问结构

〔解析〕there be变成疑问句时,将系动词 be放在there之前,句子其余部分不变.

There is a map on the wall．

It there a map on the wall?

Yes,there is．／No,there is not（isn't）．

同样我们可以用这个结构构成另外几种问句.如：

How many classrooms are there in the school?这个学校有多少教室?

Is there going to be just one session（会议） or two?要开一次会还是两次?

There are lots of people like that,aren't there?这样的人很多,对不对?

〔模拟小考场〕句型转换：根据题后要求变换句型.

1．There are 25 students in the room．（就划线部分提问）

students in the room?

2．There is little water in the bottle, ?（完成反意疑问句）

〔考点四〕there be句型的时态

〔解析〕there be句型可以有各种不同时态.如：

There was a meeting yesterday．昨天有一个会.（一般过去时）

There will be a good wheat crop this year．今年小麦将有一个好收成.（一般将来时）

There has been much talk about the matter．关于这件事已经谈论得很多了.（现在完成时）

〔模拟题型小考场〕汉译英：根据汉语意思完成下列句子.

1．———今晚有会吗?

—是的,有.（不,没有）

— there a meeting tonight?

—Yes, ．（No, ．）

2．———近日汤姆有信来吗?

———是的,有.（不,没有.）

— there letters from Tom lately?

—Yes, ．（No, ．）

3．昨天图书馆有很多人.

lots of people in the library yesterday．

〔考点五〕there be句型中情态动词和助动词的用法

〔解析〕there be可以和情态动词或助动词连用：

1．今晚可能还有大雨.

There may be another downpour tonight．

2．一定出了什么毛病.

There must be something wrong．

〔模拟小考场〕汉译英：根据汉语意思完成下列句子.

1．房间里可能有一些桌椅.

There some desks and chairs in the room．

2．不能再浪费时间了.

no more time wasted．

〔考点六〕there be句型中除用be外,还可用其它动词.

〔解析〕there be结构中的谓语动词,有时可用seem to be,hen to be等词组,或表示类似“存在”观念的其它动词.如live,come, stand,lie等.如：

1．There hened to be nobody in the room then．恰好那时候房间里没有人.

2．There seems to be some misunderstanding about the matter．对于这个问题似乎存在着误解.

3．Once upon a time there lived a king in China．从前中国有个国王.

4．Then there came a knock at the door．接着听到敲门声.

5．There stands a bottle on the table．桌子上有个瓶子.

〔模拟小考场〕单项选择.

1．There once an old man in a village by the sea．

A．lived B．stood C．came D．went

2．There doesn't to be too much hope of our team beating theirs．

A．live B．seem C．hen D．think

参考答案：

〔考点一〕1—3 DAC

〔考点二〕1．any；no 2．aren't 3．isn't

〔考点三〕1．How many,are there 2．is there

〔考点四〕1．Will,be,there will（there won't）

2．He,been any,there he（there hen't）

3．There were

〔考点五〕1．may be 2．There must be

〔考点六〕1．A 2．B

英语语法知识大全汇总

以下是 无 为大家整理的关于八年级英语上册知识点语法结构的文章，供大家学习参考！

1、 主语+系动词+表语（S+V+P）

　列如：She is a student （身份） He has become an engineer

　It tastes sweet They are in the classroom

　动词是系动词，其后的表语表示主语的身份，特征或者状态。英语中可用作系动词的数量很少，最常用的是be的各种变化形式，系动词，如become，turn，look，seem，ear，sound，taste，smell，remain，prove，keep，fall，等

　2、 主语+动词（S+V）

　列如：water flows He is reading

　She has arrived They will come Mary cried

　例如：They he reached NEW YORK They he arrived at NEWYORK

　3、主语+动词+宾语（S+V+O）

　例如：Tom speaks English He bought a jacket

　They he finished the job Rose is reading a book

　及物动词，其后必须跟一个宾语

--------------------------------------------------------------------------------

　3、 主语+动词+宾语+宾语（S+V+O+O）

　例如：Mr Brown teaches them English Mother told me a story

　Give us a ring when you arrive at the college

　The students are giving the classroom a thorough clean up

　直接宾语是动作承受者或结果，间接宾语则表示动作是为谁做的

　4、 主语+动词+宾语+补语(S+V+O+C)

　例如：We elected him chairman We should keep the classroom clean

　I want her to come She had a new dress made、

　She heared him singing 宾语和补语在逻辑上是主与表或者主与谓的关系。也就是说补语表示宾语的特征，身份，状态，或是宾语的行为动作。如果这一结构的句子变为被动句，那么原来的宾语变成了主语，后面的补语便是主语的补语

　：We found him（reading in the library）（括号内表示宾语的补语）

　所有者成分都是必不可少的，缺少任何一个成分都会破坏句子结构的完整性。句子结构中的基本成分包括主语、动词、表语、宾语、和补语、英语句子中还有起修饰作用的定语和状语，以及起解释说明作用的同位语。下面括号部分即为定语、状语和同位语。

　例如：She is a good student

　They will come soon

　Mr Brown，Tom's father ，is an engineer

　因此，英语的句子成分主语有主语，动词，表语，宾语，补语，定语，状语和同位语。问题：名词作表语和名词作单宾之间的区别？名词作宾语补足语和名词作直接宾语的差别？

　分析下列各句属于哪种基本结构，并划出各个句子成分。

　1、I saw Jane in the reading room

　2、Production grows rapidly

　3、They treated me as their own son

　4、His classmates made him their monitor

　5、Victor passed Robert the ball

　6、You did not need to arrive so early

　7、The children ran merrily after him

　8、It is getting dark

　9、Martin，my good friend，has given me a lot of help

　10、Circumstances do not permit me to lee

　11、The population of city rose by 20 percent

　12、She had a new dress made

　13、Her face turned red at his words

　14、The old professor lectures twice a week

　15、Tom become a good student at last

　16、I want that blue skirt ,the one on the left

　17、They will he a meeting in room 205

　18、Her parents bought her a new radio

　19、She told us a lot of interesting stories

　20、The food smells nice

初中英语知识点归纳总结

英语的重点主要在词汇，语法、阅读理解、 作文 ……等等，其中语法是让大家一直比较头疼的知识点，下面给大家带来一些关于英语语法 知识大全 汇总，希望对大家有所帮助。

1.英语语法指的是什么

英语语法是针对英语语言进行研究后，系统地 总结 归纳出来的一系列语言规则。英语语法的精髓在于掌握语言的使用。英语语法包括词语、时态、语态、语气、 句子 成分、句型结构等。

1.一般现在时：表示现在的状态、经常的或习惯性的动作、主语具备的性格和能力等。基本结构：主语+be/do+其他。

2.一般过去时：表示过去某个时间内(或某一段时间内)发生的动作或存在的状态，过去经常或反复发生的动作。基本结构：主语+动词的过去式或be的过去式+名词。

3.一般将来时：表示将要发生的动作、打算、或准备做某事。基本结构：主语+am/is/are+going to + do sth;主语+will/shall+do sth

4.一般过去将来时：立足于过去某一时刻，从过去看将来，常用于宾语从句中。基本结构：主语+was/were+going to+do+ 其它 ;主语+would/should+do+其它。

5.现在进行时：表示现在(说话时)或当前阶段正在进行或发生的动作。基本结构：主语+be+doing+其它。

6.过去进行时：表示过去某段时间或某一时刻正在发生或进行的行为或动作。基本结构：主语+was/were+doing+其它。

7.将来进行时：表示将来某一时间正在进行的动作，或表示要在将来某一时间开始，并继续下去的动作。常用来表示询问、请求等。基本结构：主语+shall/will+be+现在分词+其它。

8.过去将来进行时：表示就过去某一时间而言，将来某一时刻或某一段时间正在进行的动作，主要用于宾语从句中，尤其多用于间接引语中。基本结构：should/would+be+现在分词。

9.现在完成时：过去发生或已经完成的动作对现在造成的影响或结果，或从过去已经开始，持续到现在的动作或状态。基本结构：主语+he/has+p.p(过去分词)+其它。

10.过去完成时：以过去某个时间为标准，在此以前发生的动作或行为，或在过去某动作之前完成的行为，即“过去的过去”。基本结构：主语+had+p.p(过去分词)+其它。

2.英语语法基础知识汇总

1.as...as...引导的比较级：

(1)“as +形容词或副词原级+as+被比较对象”结构。例句：He studies as hard as you. 他像你一样学习努力。

(2)在否定句或疑问句中可用not so…as…. 例句：He can notrun so/as fast as you. 他没你跑得快。

2.only引导的倒装句型：only +状语(或状语从句)位于句首时，句子部分倒装。

例句： Only by diligence and honesty can one succeed inlife. 只有勤奋、正直，一个人在生活中才能成功。

注意：但 only修饰主语时，不倒装。例句：Onlythat girl knew how to work out the problem. 只有那位女生知道怎样解那道题。

3.wish引导的虚拟语气：wish 后面的从句，当表示与事实相反的情况，或表示将来不太可能实现的愿望时，其宾语从句的动词形式为：

(1)表示对现在情况的虚拟：从句动词用过去式或过去进行式表示，be 的过去式用were.

I wish I knew the answer to the question. 我希望知道这个问题的答案。(可惜不知道。)

(2)表示对过去情况的虚拟：从句动词用had +过去分词。

I wish (that) I hadn’t wastedso much time. 我后悔不该浪费这么多时间。( 实际上已经浪费掉了。)

(3)表示对将来的主观愿望：谓语动词形式为“would/ should/ could/ might +动词原形”。在这种情况下，主句的主语与从句的主语不能相同，因为主句的主语所期望的从句动作能否实现，取决于从句主语的态度或意愿(非动作名词除外) 。

I wish it would stop raining. 但愿雨能停止。

注意：若wish 后的宾语从句中用would，可以表示请求，通常意味着说话人的不快或不满。

例句：I wish you would be quiet. 我希望你安静一些。

4.it形式宾语：和it 作形式主语一样, 我们常用it 来作形式宾语, 把真正的宾语从句放在句末, 这种情况尤其出现在带复合宾语的句子中。

例句：He has made it clear that he will not give in. 他表明他不会屈服。

5.The+比较级，the+比较级表示“越......越......”。

例句：The more scared we are, the stronger the difficultywill become.我们越害怕困难，困难就会变得越强大。

6.宾语从句：一般疑问句做宾语，引入if或whether

例句： I want to know if he will join us in thediscussion?

7. 原因状语从句：since引导的

例句： Don’t eat too much sugarsince it is bad for your health.

8. 否定词前置倒装：scarcely...when...

例句： Scarcely had he arrived at home when it began torain.

9.If虚拟条件句

3.英语语法解析

1.连词that, if, whether，连接代词what, which, who, whom, whose以及连接副词how, when, why, where可用来引导名词从句，充当主语、表语、宾语等。非正式文体中的宾语从句常省略that：

I think (that) he’ll be back in an hour. 我认为他一小时后就会回来。

Who they are doesn’t matter much. 他们是谁没什么大关系。

Can you tell me where he is? 你能告诉我他在哪儿吗?

He asked me if/whether I knew John. 他问我是否认识约翰。

此外，that, which, who, whom, whose, when, why, where等还可以引导定语从句。

2.连词when, while, before, after, till/until, since, as soon as等引导时间状语从句：

She said hello to me when she saw me. 她看到我的时候，和我打了招呼。

I’ll wait here until you come back. 我将在这里等你回来。

3.连词if, unless引导条件状语从句;because, as, since引导原因状语从句：

I’ll help her if she asks me to. 如果她要求我，我就帮助她。

I won’t help her unless she asks me to. 除非她要求我，否则我不会帮她。

He didn’t come because he was ill. 因为他病了，所以没来。

As he hasn’t eared yet, we shall start without him. 既然他还没有出现，我们就先开始吧。

Since everybody is here, let’s begin. 既然大家都到了，咱们就开始吧。

4.连词in order than, so that引导目的状语从句;so … that …引导结果状语从句：

I locked the door in order that we might continue our discussions undisturbed. (=I locked the door in order to continue our discussions undisturbed.) 我把门锁上了，以便我们可以继续讨论而不受打扰。

The car ran so fast that I couldn’t see who was in it. 汽车跑得那么快，我没看清谁坐在里面。

5.连词than, as…as…, not as/so…as…用来引导比较状语从句：

He is better educated than his brother. 他比他兄弟受的 教育 好。

He is as well educated as his brother. 他和他兄弟受的教育一样好。

He is not as/so well educated as his brother. 他没有他兄弟受的教育好。

6.连词although, though 引导让步状语从句;where, wherever 引导地点状语从句：

I’ll go wherever you go. 不管你去哪儿，我就去那儿。

Stay where you are! 原地别动!

Though/Although she is rich, she’s not hy. 尽管她富有，但她并不幸福。

一般来说，连词性质的连接词连接两个分句或引导一个从句，两个分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。

二、副词性连接词

副词性质的连接词不能象连词一样分句或主从复合句之间用逗号连接。也就是说它们不能连接两个分句或引导从句。它们引导的句子与前面的句子之间要用分号或句号，而它们与引导的句子之间往往用逗号。副词性质的连接词在写作中常常使用，主要分为以下几类：

1.表示顺序的，如first, in the first place, then, finally, in the end等等。尤其要注意then. 如：

误：He graduated from college in 2003, then he found a job.

正：He graduated from college in 2003, and then he found a job.

He graduated from college in 2003. Then he found a job.

2.表示递进关系的，如in addition, what is more, furthermore, moreover等。注意in addition 与in addition to 的区别：in addition 是副词性质;而in addition to 是介词性质，后面必须接宾语。

3.表示转折关系的，如however, nevertheless, nonetheless, on the contrary, in contrast, 等等。要注意不要把however 当成连词。

英语语法知识大全汇总相关 文章 ：

★ 英语语法大全总结

★ 英语语法总结大全

★ 最全七年级英语语法知识点汇总

★ 初中常考的英语语法知识点汇总

★ 初一英语全册语法知识点汇总

★ 高考英语语法知识大全

★ 小学英语语法知识点汇总

★ 初一英语语法知识点总结归纳

★ 六年级英语语法知识点汇总

★ 高考英语必考语法知识点汇总

英语语法倒装句的知识点

学习英语掌握重点知识点非常重要，下面为大家总结了初中英语重点知识点，希望能帮助大家学习英语。

名词所有格速记口诀

名词所有格，表物是“谁的”，

若为生命词，加“s”即可行，

词尾有s，仅把逗号择;

并列名词后，各自和共有，

前者分别加，后者最后加;

若为无生命词，of所有格，

前后须倒置，此是硬规则。

宾语从句速记口诀

宾语从句须注意，几点事项应牢记。

一是关键引导词，不同句子词相异。

陈述句子用that;一般疑问是否(if，whether)替;特殊问句更好办，引导还用疑问词。

二是时态常变化，主句不同从句异。主句若为现在时，从句时态应看意;主句若为过去时，从句时态向前移。

三是语序要记清，从句永保陈述序。

基本句型

根据语法形式，即句子的结构，英语的句子可分为简单句、并列句和复合句。

1.简单句

句型：主语+谓语

只包含一个主谓结构，而句子的各个结构都只由单词或短语表示。简单句有五种基本句型，详见第十七章。

They are playing baseball in the garden.

他们正在公园里打棒球。

Her brother and sister both are teachers.

她的哥哥和姐姐都是老师。

2.并列句

句型：简单句+并列连词+简单句

(常见的并列连词有and，but，or)

并列句是由两个或两个以上的简单句连接而成。并列句中的各简单句意义同等重要，相互之间没有从属关系，是平行并列的关系。它们之间用连词连结。

My friend was at home， and we talked for along time.

我的朋友在家，我们谈了好长时间。

Hurry up，or you'll be late.

快点，否则你就会迟到的。

3.复合句

句型：主句+连词+从句;或连词+从句+主句(包含一个主句、一个或一个以上的从句，或只包含一个从句，但有两个或两个以上的主句的句子叫复合句。)

复数的变换

1.在后面加s。如：fathers, books, Americans, Germans, les, bananas

2.x, sh, ch, s, tch后加es。如：boxes, glasses, dresses, watches, wishes, faxes

3.（1）以辅音字母加y结尾的变y为i再加es 如：baby-babies, family-families, duty-duties, comedy- comedies, documentary-documentaries, story-stories

（2）以元音字母加y结尾的直接加s。如：day-days, boy-boys, toy-toys, key-keys, ways

4.以o结尾加s(外来词)。如：radios, photos, 但如是辅音加o的加es：如: tomatoes西红柿, potatoes马铃薯

5.以f或fe结尾的变f为v再加es(s)。如：knife-knives, wife-wives, half-halves, shelf-shelves, leaf-lees, yourself-yourselves

6.单复数相同(不变的)有：fish, sheep, deer鹿子, Chinese, Japanese

7.一般只有复数，没有单数的有：people,pants, shorts, shoes, glasses, gloves, clothes, socks

8.单词形式不变，既可以是单数也可以是复数的有：police警察局，警察, class班，同学, family家，家庭成员

9.合成的复数一般只加主要名词，多数为后一个单词。如：action movie-action movies, pen pal-pen pals; 但如果是由man或woman所组成的合成词的复数则同时为复数。如：man doctor-men doctors, woman teacher-women teachers.

谁能给我分析一下这个句子结构，以及相关的语法知识点

　倒装句是我们在读高中时学到的一个英语语法的知识点，也是一个重点知识。下面是我给大家整理的英语语法倒装句，供大家参阅!

英语语法倒装句的种类

　当主语在谓语前出现时叫顺序(the natural order)。在某些情况下，我们可以把谓语成分放在主语前面，这种词序叫做倒装( the inverted order)。

　倒装分两种：配合语法条例的倒装，叫?grammatical inversion?;配合强调语势的叫?emphatic inversion?。

　语法上的倒装句是强制性的，包括下列 7 种：

　1、疑问句，如：

　Can you do it?

　How old are you?

　When did you know him?

　Why did you elect him as captain?

　Which of these les do you prefer?

　但疑问代词做主语时，不必倒置，如：

　Who is your English teacher?

　What hened last night?

　2、表示?愿望?的句子，如：

　May God bless you.

　Long live the king!

　3、?There?引导的句子，如：

　There are many cars on the road.

　There stand some big trees near the river.

　There is a security guard outside the bank.

　4、感叹句，如：

　How beautiful the flower is!

　What a smart boy you are!

　5、有连接词?so, neither, nor?的句子，如：

　Tom can ride a bicycle; so can I.

　She can't sing; neither can he.

　John has never been late; nor he I.

　6、省略连词?if?的条件副词分句，如：

　Were I you, I would not do such a thing.

　Should the machine break down again, send it back to us.

　Had you worked harder, you would he passed.

　7、?as, however?连接的让步副词分句，如：

　Small as the pen is, it is a powerful weapon.

　However busy you are, you should spend some time reading Zaobao weekly.

　谈过了语法上的倒装句，现在谈强调的倒装句。

　Never he I seen such a wicked man.

　On no account must this employee be removed.

　Not until he told me had I heard anything of it.

　No sooner had I left than the rain came.

　Up jumped the puppy.

　In came John.

　Down fell the rotten branches from the tree.

　Out came a woman and her maid.

英语语法倒装句常见结构及用法

　完全倒装把谓语动词放在主语前面为完全倒装。在高三英语倒装句中，谓语是单个的动词(即没有助动词或情态动词)，其时态为一般现在时或一般过去时。在下列情形中出现完全倒装。部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do、does、did，并将其置于主语之前。

　完全倒装结构及用法

　一、具有?地点?意义的副词、时间意义的副词，以及能表移动方向的副词放在句首，句子的主语是名词，谓语是连系动词或表示?位置移动?的单个不及物动词时，该动词放在主语前面。如：There goes the bell.

　注意：当主语是人称代词时，尽管副词在句首，主谓不倒装。如：Out they rushed.

　二、具有?方位?意义的介词短语或副词短语在句中作状语或表语放在句首，谓语是连系动词be，以及表示?位于、存在?或?位置移动?的单个不及物动词时，该动词放在主语前面。如：Among the hens is a big cock.

　三、作表语的形容词或分词放在句首时，连系动词放在主语前面[英语语法]。如：Present at the party were the ladies in the big city.

　四、全部倒装是只将句子中的谓语动词全部置于主语之前。全部倒装常见结构有：

　1) here, there, now, then, thus等副词置于句首, 谓语动词常用be, come, go, lie, run。

　There goes the bell.

　Then came the chairman.

　Here is your letter.

　2) 表示运动方向的副词或地点状语置于句首，谓语表示运动的动词。

　Out rushed a missile from under the bomber.

　Ahead sat an old woman.

　注意：上述全部倒装的句型结构的主语必须是名词，如果主语是人称代词则不能完全倒装。

　Here he comes. Away they went.

　部分倒装结构及用法

　把谓语的助动词、情态动词放在主语前面为部分倒装。在下列情形中出现部分倒装。

　一、把?so ... that ...?句型中的?so + 形容词 / 副词?部分放在句首时，be动词或助动词放在主语前面。如：

　So frightened was the girl that she daren't move an inch further.

　二、用so，neither或nor构成的特殊句型，表示另一人或物也具有和前面提到的同样情况时，出现部分倒装。如：

　Jim asked the question. So did Lily.

　三、把具有?否定?意义的词语放在句首时，出现部分倒装。如：

　Never shall I forget your advice.

　四、注意下面几种情形的倒装：

　1. ?only + 状语从句?和?not until + 从句?位于句首时，在主句中进行倒装。如：

　Not until the child slept did the mother lee the room.

　2. ?not only...but also...?连接两个分句，not only位于句首时，倒装在not only所在分句进行。如：

　Not only were the children moved but also the adults showed their pity.

　3. ?no sooner...than...?句型中的no sooner位于句首时，倒装在no sooner 主句中进行;?hardly / scarcely...when...?句型中的hardly位于句首时，倒装在hardly / scarcely主句中进行。如：

　No sooner had I gone in the house than it began to rain.

　4. 当if引导从句表示虚拟语气时，if可省，再把从句中的were，had或should放在主语前面，形成部分倒装。如：

　Had we been present, such a thing would not he hened.

　5. 当as引导让步状语从句时，参照下面的形式进行特殊倒装。如：

　Proud as these women are, they still look very weak. (作表语的形容词提前)

　Student as he is, he often works in the factory. (作表语的名词提前，同时省去不定冠词a)

　Hard as she worked, she couldn't support her family. (修饰谓语动词的副词提前)

　Try as he would, he might fail again. (带助动词的谓语动词提前)

　五、部分倒装是指将谓语的一部分如助动词或情态动词倒装至主语之前。没有助动词或情态动词，则需添加助动词do, does或did，并将其置于主语之前。

　1)句首为否定或半否定的词语，如no, not, never, seldom, little, hardly, at no time, in no way, not until?,not only?(but also), hardly/scarcely?(when), no sooner?( than) 等。

　Never he I seen such a performance.

　Nowhere will you find the answer to this question.

　Not until the child fell asleep did the mother lee the room.

　Not only did he refuse the gift, he also severely criticized the sender.

　Hardly had she gone out when a student came to visit her.

　No sooner had she gone out than a student came to visit her.

　2) so, either, nor作部分倒装

　Tom can speak French. So can Jack.

　If you won''t go, neither will I.

　3) only在句首要倒装的情况

　Only in this way, can you learn English well.

　Only after being asked three times did he come to the meeting.

　Only when he is seriously ill, does he ever stay in bed.

　4) as, though引导的倒装句

　as / though引导的让步从句必须将表语或状语提前 (形容词, 副词, 分词, 实义动词提前)。

　Try hard as he will, he never seems able to do the work satisfactorily.

　Young boy as he is, he knows a lot about basketball teams.

　Hard as it was, they reached the peak of the mountain.

　5) 其他部分倒装

　1)so? that 句型中的so 位于句首时，需倒装。

　So frightened was he that he did not dare to move an inch.

　2)在某些表示祝愿的句型中：

　May you all be hy.

　3)在虚拟语气条件句中从句谓语动词有were, had, should等词，可将if 省略，把 were, had, should 移到主语之前，取部分倒装。

　Were I you, I would try it again.

　常见考法 1. not until 引导时间状语(从句)时的倒装;

　2. 含so 的句子倒装与不倒装的区别;

　3. only引导状语或状语从句时的倒装;

　4. 虚拟条件句省略If时的倒装。

　误区提醒

　1) Not until the early years of the 19th century___ what heat is

　A. man did know B. man knew C. didn't man know D. did man know

　解析：答案为D.否定词not在句首，要求用部分倒装的句子结构。

　2) Do you know Tom bought a new car?

　I don't know, ___.

　A. nor don''t I care B. nor do I care

　C. I don't care, neither D. I don't care also

　解析：答案为B.句中的nor引出部分倒装结构，表示"也不"。由 so, neither, nor引导的倒装句，表示前一情况的重复出现。其中, so用于肯定句, 而 neither, nor 用在否定句中。

　3) --- You forgot your purse when you went out. --- Good heens, ____ .

　A. so did I B. so I did C. I did so D. I so did

　解析：错选A。 本题空处不表跟前面情况一样，只是对上述情况的随声附和，所以不用倒装。正确答案B。

　4)Only when the war was over ____ to hometown.

　A. did the soldier return B. the soldier returned

　C. returned the soldier D. the soldier did return

　解析：only 引导状语或状语从句时主句要用部分倒装。此题为一般过去时，须在主语前加did, 故正确答案为A。

　5) ____ for the free tickets, I would not he gone to see films so often.

　A. If it is not B Were it not C. Had it not been D. If they were not

　解析：错选A。此题关键是前后时态要呼应。本题是一个虚拟条件句，根据主句的时态，应该是对过去情况的虚拟，所以往前推一个时态的话，应该是过去完成时。故正确答案为C。

高中英语句子成分分析

The?French?car?maker?Renault?（主语）?has?apologised?to?（谓语）three?senior?managers（宾语）?it?sacked?（定语从句）after?wrongly?accusing?them?of?industrial?espionage（状语）

语法点：

1.完成时态

2.定语从句

英语倒装句的结构及知识点？省略句的结构及知识点？主谓一致的相关知识点？

首先and连接了两个并列句

句子1 He was leing behind the other children,the only friends he had

句子2 he realised at that moment how lonely he was in the world

句子1是主谓宾结构，he是主语，was leing behind是谓语，the other children是宾语，the only friends he had是同位语。lee behind

是短语，此处为“离开”。同位语the only friends后接省略引导词 who 的定语从句 he had 。此句译为“他即将离开其他的孩子们 --- 他们是他仅有的朋友”

句子2也是主谓宾结构，he是主语，realised是谓语， how lonely he was in the world是how引导的宾语从句，at that moment “在那时，在那一刻”是时间状语。此句译为“那一刻他意识到他在这个世界上是那么得孤独”

不谢！

你好～

英语语法倒装句知识点：倒装句中的主谓一致。

在“副词here, there, now, then, up, down, in, out, away等、作状语或表语的介词短语或分词短语+谓语动词+主语”的倒装结构中，谓语动词的数由动词后面的主语决定。如：

On the wall hang two maps. 墙上挂着两张地图。

On the wall hangs a world of map. 墙上挂着一张世界地图。

Here is your coat. 这是你的外套。

Here are your running-shoes. 这是你的跑鞋。

主谓一致的知识点：主谓一致的原则是指主语和谓语从语法形式上取得一致:主语是单数形式,谓语也取单数形式;主语是复数形式,谓语亦取复数形式.例如:

He often helps me learn English.　

(主语是单数形式,谓语也取单数形式)　

My friends often help me learn English.　　

(主语是复数形式,谓语也取复数形式)

省略句知识点：空缺与增补

两个主语不同的句子，谓语有相同部分，也有不同部分，如果用连词连接起来进行对比，则其相 同部分在后面分句中可以省略，这样，后面分句中就出现“空缺”现象。“空缺” 处通常被省略的是动词，或动词及其宾语、补足语等。汉译时不妨用“补齐”的方法。例如 ：

A sound must be heard，a colour seen，a flour tasted，an odour inhaled.，颜色必须 目视，滋味必须口尝，气味必须鼻吸。(后三句省略 must be) Histories make men wise；mathematic logic and rhetoric able to contend.；数学使人精细；逻辑和修辞使人善辩。(原文后两句省略make men)

希望我的回答能对你有所帮助～

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