初中英语句子结构讲解_句子结构初中英语单词
1.初中英语现在完成时的句型结构
2.英语句子成分问题
3.初中英语基本句型
4.初中英语语法(句子结构)?
5.初中英语所有的词组结构
6.初中英语句子成分分析
7.英语各种类型句子的结构(小学-初中)
8.初中英语句子成分划分
50个初中英语句型
ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. 请教/告诉某人如何做… 和 ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 请/告诉某人做/不做某事 的用法区别。 1. as soon as 一…就…
2. (not) as/so…as 不如
3. as…as possible 尽可能地
4. ask sb for sth.. 请求,要求
5. ask/tell sb. (how) to do sth. 请教/告诉某人如何做…
6. ask/tell sb. (not) to do sth. 请/告诉某人做/不做某事
7. be afraid of doing sth. / that… 害怕做某事/害怕,担心…
8. be busy doing 忙于做某事
9. be famous/late/ready/sorry for… 以…著名
10. be glad that… 高兴…
11. both…and… …与…两者都…
12. buy/give/show/send/pass/bring/lend/tell sb. sth. 为某人买某物
13. either…or 要么…要么…
14. enjoy/hate/finish/mind/keep/go on doing 喜欢做某事
15.get+比较级半功倍 变得越…
16. get on with 与…相处
17. get ready for/get sth. ready 为…做准备
18. give/show/bring/lend/send/pass/ tell sth to sb. 把…给某人
19. had better (not) do 最好做/不做
20. help sb (to) do/help sb. with 帮某人做某事
21. don’t think that... 认为…不…
22. I would like to…/would you like to…? 我想做…
23. It takes sb some time to do sth. 花费某人…时间做某事
24. it’s bad /good for… 对...有害处
25. it’s important for sb to do sth. 对于某人来说做…是重要的
26. It’s time for…/to do sth. 对于…来说是做…的时间了。
27. It’s two meters (years) long (old) 它两米长。
28. keep sb. doing 让某人一直做某事
29. keep/make sth. +adj. 让…一直保持…
30. like to do/like doing 喜欢做…
31. make/ let sb. (not) do sth. 让某人做/不做某事
32. neither…nor 既不… 也不…
33. not…at all 根本不
34. not only…but also 不仅…而且….
35. not…until 直到…才.…
36. one…the other/ some…others 一个…另一个…
37. see/hear sb do (doing) sth. 看见某人做了/正在做某事
38. so…that 如此…以至于…
39. spend...on (in) doing sth. 在…方面花费…
40. stop sb. from doing sth. 阻止某人做某事
41. stop to do/doing 停下来去做某事
42. take/bring sth with sb. 随身携带
43.The+比较级, the+比较级 越…越…
44. There is something wrong with… …出了问题/毛病
45. too…to 太…以至于不能…
46. used to 过去常常
47. What about…/How about…? …怎么样呢?
48. What’s wrong /the matter with…? …出什么问题了?
49. Why not…? 为什么不做…呢?
50. Will (Would, Could) you please…? 你愿不愿意做….呢?
历届考题:
1.很抱歉,我的自行车坏了。请再等我五分钟。
I’m sorry, there is something wrong with my bike. Please wait for me five more minutes.
我的电视机坏了,所以我不能看比赛了。
(1) There is something wrong with my TV, so I can’t watch the match.
我的计算机坏了。你能帮助我修理一下吗?
(2)There is something wrong with my computer. Could you help me mend it?
这台机器坏了。我们最好修理一下它。
(3) There’s something wrong with this machine. We’d better mend it.
2.对于青少年来说,学习如何交友是很重要的。
It’s important for agers to learn how to make friends.
虽然雨下得正大,但是对于他来说,看来不跑完最后的200米是不可能的。
(1)Although it is raining heily, it looks that it’s impossible for him not to finish the last 200 meters.
吃更多的蔬菜是有好处的。
(2)It’s good to eat more vegetables.
对于我们来说拥有充足的睡眠是重要的。
(3) It’s important for us to he enough sleep.
对于我们来说保持环境清洁是重要的。
(4) It’s important for us to keep the environment clean.
嘲笑残疾人是不礼貌的。
(5) It’s impolite to laugh at disabled people.
进行更多的锻炼对你的健康来说是有益的。
(6) It’s good for your health to do more exercise.
在太阳下读书对眼睛是有害的。
(7) It’s bad for eyes to read in the sun.
3.我们应该在适当的时间去晚会,既不能太早,也不能太晚。
We should go to the party just at the right time, neither too early nor too late.
恶劣的天气和穷困的状况都无法改变他在那里教书的决心。
(1) Neither bad weather nor poor condition can change her mind to teach there.
这个社区既不安静也不安全。我不喜欢住在这里。
(2) This neighborhood is neither quiet nor safe. I don’t like living here.
Tom 和Jack都不喜欢骑自行车上学。
(3) Neither Tom nor Jack likes going to school by bike.
4.六月份的考试一结束我的父母就带我去大连度。
My parents will take me to Dalian for vacation as soon as the examination in June is over.
你一完成作业就给我打电话。
(1) Please call me up as soon as you finish your homework.
他一看完这张DVD他就把它借给你。
(2) He will lend this DVD to you as soon as he finishes watching it.
昨天晚上我一到家妈妈就让我准备晚饭。
(3) My mother asked me to get ready for supper as soon as I got home yesterday evening.
请尽早把这份通知用电子邮件的方式发给我。
(4) Please e-mail me this notice as soon as possible.
5.在每个月的排队日,越来越多的人们排队等候,这有助于防止有人夹塞儿。
On Queuing Day of each month there are more and more people waiting in line。It can help prevent/stop someone from cutting in the queue/ jumping the queue.
虽然交通堵塞让我不能高速驾车,但是我还是喜欢拥有自己的车。
(1) Although traffic jams would stop me from driving fast, I’d still like to he my own car. 6.有时在交通高峰期,开车不如骑自行车快。
Sometimes driving a car is not as/so fast as riding a bike in the rush hours.
有些学生学英语不如学数学努力。
(1) Some students don’t study English as hard as they study math.
西方的孩子们通常准备尽可能多的礼物。
(2) Kids in the West usually get ready for as many gifts as possible.
7.我们最好不要在公共场所大声讲话。
We’d better not talk loudly in public places.
你最好在饭前洗手。
(1)You’d better wash your hands before dinner.
天现在黑了。我们最好回家去。
(2) Its dark now. You’d better go home.
你最好每周帮助父母做些家务。
(3) You’d better help your parents do some housework once a week.
你最好随身带上雨伞。外面的雨下得正大。
(4) You’d better take an umbrella with you. It’s raining hard outside.
8. 对司机来说有些路标太小了看不见。
Some road signs are too small for drivers to see.
Some road signs are so small that drivers can’t see them.
昨晚Kate太生气了一句话也说不出来。
(1)Kate was too angry to say a word last night.
他想在2008年做一名奥运志愿者。现在他正忙着学习英语以至于每天都没有时间玩儿。
(2) He wants to be an Olympic volunteer in 2008. Now he is so busy learning English that he has no time to play every day.
我们的数学老师太生气了一句话都说不出来。
(3) Our math teacher was too angry to say a word. / was so angry that he couldn’t say a word.
过去他花太多的时间玩计算机游戏,以至于他对于学习没有兴趣。
(4)He used to spend so much time playing computer games that he was not interested in his lessons.
听到神州六号成功发射的消息,许多人激动得彻夜未眠。
(5) Hearing the news of successful launch of Shenzhou-6, many people were too excited to sleep the whole night.
这本书太厚了,对于我来说不能读完。
(6) This book is too thick for me to finish reading.
这道数学题太难了,我花了两小时才算出来。
(7) The math problem was so difficult that I spent two hours working it out.
今天晚上的电话让他气愤不已,以至于他一宿没睡。
(8) Tonight’s calls made him so angry that he couldn’t sleep last night.
这个男孩非常喜欢足球,以至于他每天练习两小时。
(9) The boy likes football so much that he practices it for two hours every day.
9.每天早晨在我上学的路上,我欣喜地看到工人们正忙着为奥运会建设体育馆和体操馆。
Every morning, on my way to school, I am hy to see the workers being busy building stadiums and gyms for the Olympics.
我很高兴你能来看我。
(1) I’m very hy that you can come to see me.
10.乘坐D-车组从上海到北京只用十小时。
It takes only 10 hours from Beijing to Shanghai on a Bullet Train.
他每天用多长时间玩计算机游戏?
(1) How long does he spend playing computer games every day?
工人们建成这座大桥将用两年时间。
(2)It will take the workers two years to build the bridge.
建设这座奥运场馆工人们只用了两年时间。
(3)It took the workers only 2 years to build this Olympic Stadium.
她用了三个月时间做这项实验。
(4) It took her 3 months to do this experiment.
我把所有的业余时间用在绘画上了。
(5) I spend all my free time in drawing.
他每天用半小时读英语吗?
(6) Does he spend half an hour reading English every day?
在2008年乘坐磁悬浮火车从上海到杭州你将只用24分钟。
(7) It will take you only 24 minutes from Shanghai to Hang Zhou by magnetic train in 2008.
一项调查表明半数以上的学生每周有四小时用在网络上。
(8) A survey shows that more than half of school students spend 4 hours a week on the Internet.
工人们建设这所新学校要用多长时间?
(9) How long will it take the workers to build the new school?
11.晚饭后出去散步怎么样?
How about going out for a walk after supper?
喝点水怎么样?你看上去有点紧张。
(1)How about drinking water? You look a little bit nervous.
我今天没时间去看他们。明天怎么样?
(2) I he no time to see them today. What about tomorrow?
我要去打球。你呢?
(3) I’m going to play ball games. What about you?
我喜欢这次讲座。你呢?
(4) I like this lecture. What about you?
12.法国以它的美食和美酒著名。
France is famous for its fine food and wine.
13.Bob给我买了一本书作为生日礼物。
Bob bought me a book as a present for my birthday.
我忘了带我的英语书了。你能把你的借给我吗?
(1) I forgot to bring my English book here. Could you lend me yours?
请把这封信寄给她。
(2) Please send her this letter.
14.我认为他不会来了。
I don’t think he will come.
我认为他不会放弃学习。
(1)I don’t think he will give up study.
我认为坐在计算机旁太长时间对眼睛不好。
(2) I don’t think it is good for eyes to sit too long at a computer.
15.学生们知道雨停了才回家。
The students didn’t go home until the rain stopped.
李明每天直到他妈妈回来才去上学。
(1) Li Ming doesn’t go to school until his mother comes back every day.
直到雨停请再离开。
(2) Don’t lee until the rain stops.
Jack昨晚直到他妈妈让他去睡觉才停止看电视。
(3) Jack didn’t stop watching TV until his mother asked him to go to bed last night.
直到他打扫完老人的房间他才停下来休息。
(4) He didn’t stop to he a rest until he finished cleaning the old man’s room.
直到风息了请再打开窗户。
初中英语现在完成时的句型结构
初中英语比较重要的是简单句的五种基本句型
1.主语+不及物动词
eg.
He
is
running.
2.主语+
及物动词
+
宾语
eg.
I
like
English.
3.主语+
系动词+
表语
eg.
I
am
a
student.
4.主语+
及物动词
+
间接宾语(人)+
直接宾语(物)
eg.
He
gives
me
a
book.
5.
主语+
及物动词
+
宾语
+
宾语补足语
eg.
I
find
English
interesting.
英语句子成分问题
肯定句:主语+he/has+过去分词
否定句:主语+he/has not +过去分词
疑问句:He/Has+主语+过去分词
7. 现在完成时
(1) 现在完成时的句型结构
①肯定句:主语+ he/has+ 过去分词
②否定句:主语+ he/has+ not+过去分词
③疑问句:He/Has +主语+过去分词
(2) 现在完成时的用法
①表示到目前为止曾经有过的或未曾有过的经历和体验。常和never, ever, several times等连用。
如:
I’ve never been to Africa.
He you ever been to Tokyo?
I’ve been there three times.
②. 表示某动作从过去开始,现在刚刚完成,对现在有一定的影响。常与just, already, yet, so far等词语连用。
如:
He has just finished his new book.
注意:just now用于过去时。
③.表示某动作从过去开始,一直持续到现在,可能还会持续下去。通常与for或since连用。
如:I he lived in Qingdao for 6 years. /since 6 years ago/since 2003/since I came to this city.
It is/has been …+ since….
It’s been seven years since we last saw each other.
It’s six years since he was a teacher.
注意:for+一段时间,since后接一个过去的时间点或一般过去时的句子。
④ 在表将来的时间状语和条件状语从句中代替将来完成时。
如:
You can go home when you he finished your work.
比较:You can go home when you finish your work.
(3) 过去分词的构成
① 一般情况下在动词词尾后直接加-ed。
如:
listen-listened, talk-talked
② 以不发音的字母e结尾的动词,直接加-d。
如:
live-lived, hope-hoped
③ 以辅音字母加y接尾的动词,y变i,再加-ed.
如:
worry-worried, hurry-hurried
④ 以重读闭音节结尾,且结尾只有一个辅音字母的动词,双写辅音字母,再加-ed。
如:
drop-dropped, plan-planned, stop-stopped
⑤ 不规则变化
如:
cut-cut-cut, come-came-come
begin-began-begun, lend-lent-lent
选自魏老师《高考语法完全突破》讲座记忆大纲
初中英语基本句型
根据英语词汇在英语句子中的地位和作用, 英语句子的成分可分为主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补足语、表语、定语、状语、同位语及独立成分等。其中,主语和谓语是句子的主要成分,一般情况下,一个句子不能缺少这两种成分。
1.主语:表示句子所要说明或描述的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,置于句首。如:
It’s getting cold. 天冷起来了。
Now everything is ready. 现在一切都准备好了。
The teacher is very kind to us. 老师对我们很好。
2. 谓语:说明或描述主语的动作、状态或特征,由动词或动词短语充当,位于主语之后。如:
Mother bought me a VCR. 妈给我买了一台录像机。
We he finished our work already. 我们已经完成了工作。
3. 表语:表示主语的身份、性质、状态和特征,一般由名词、形容词、或相当于名词、形容词的词、短语或句子充当,位于连系动词之后,与连系动词一起构成句子的谓语。如:
Be careful! 小心!
He looks very angry. 他看上去很生气。
His job is looking after sheep. 他的任务是看羊。
4. 宾语:指动作所涉及的人或事物,一般由名词、代词或相当于名词的词组或句子充当,位于动词之后。如:
He wrote many plays. 他写了许多剧本。
She loves swimming. 她喜欢游泳。
5. 宾语补足语:用来对宾语进行补充和说明,一般由名词、非谓语动词、形容词等充当。如:
He told us to stay. 他叫我们留下。
I’ve never seen her dancing. 我从未看见过她跳舞。
I found it difficult to refuse him. 我感到很难拒绝他。
6. 定语:对名词或代词进行修饰、限制或说明,一般由形容词、名词、代词、数词、介词短语、非谓语动词及句子等充当,位置可在所修饰的词之前,也可在所修饰的词之后(详见形容词一章)。如:
It’s an interesting story. 那是一个有趣的故事。
Do you he time to help us? 你有时间帮助我们吗?
Who is the woman being operated on? 正在动手术的女人是谁?
7. 状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词、短语或整个句子等,一般由副词、介词短语、非谓语动词短语或句子充当。如:
We like English very much. 我们非常喜欢英语。
Her uncle lives in Canada. 她叔叔住在加拿大。
She was lying in bed reading. 她躺在床上看书。
United we stand, divided we fall. 团结则存,分裂则亡。
8. 同位语:若两个语法单位指同一个人或事物,并且,句法功能也一样,那么,后一项称为前一项的同位语。如:
This is my friend Harry. 这是我的朋友哈利。
We students should study hard. 我们学生应该努力学习。
9.独立成分:与句子其他成分没有通常的语法关系,如插入语、感叹语、呼语等,一般用逗号将它与句子隔开。如:
He’s a nice person, to be sure. 肯定他是一个好人。
Strange to say, he did pass his exam after all. 说也奇怪,考试他竟然通过了。
注:后两种初中不要求掌握
句子有这几大类 :
主谓
主谓宾
主谓宾宾补
主谓间接宾语直接宾语
主系表
这是基本的东西,先搞清楚后再搞其他高级的部分
第十五章 句子的结构
英语的句子,与汉语句子类似,按照语法结构也可分为三类,即简单句,并列句和复合句。那么有关这三种句型的详细信息,请看下面的讲解。
一、简单句
简单句只包含一个主谓结构,并且各个结构都是由单词或短语组成,不包含任何从句。简单句有五种基本句型。
1.主语+谓语(不及物动词)
The new term begins.
新学期开始了。
2.主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语
The girl is learning to play the piano.
这个女孩在学弹钢琴。
3.主语+连系动词+表语
Susan is a student.
苏珊是个学生。
4.主语+谓语(及物动词)+间接宾语+直接宾语
He bought her a watch.
他给她买了一块表。
5. 主语+谓语(及物动词)+宾语+宾语补语
We all believed you honest.
我们都认为你是诚实的。
二、并列句(简单句+连词+简单句)
并列句是由两个或多个简单句连接而成的。其中的各个简单句并列平行,同等重要,相互之间没有从属关系,能够独立成句。它们之间要用连词连接。
并列句可分为四种:
1.表示相同关系
用连词或逗号、分号连接构成并列句。常用连词有:and, notonly...but also..., neither...nor...
Her father is a teacher and her mother is a doctor.
她的父亲是老师,母亲是医生。
Susan not only runs fast, but also jumps high.
苏姗不但跑得快,而且跳得高。
I could neither swim nor skate.
我既不会游泳,也不会滑冰。
I wouldn't see this film , it's boring.
我不想看这个**,它令人心烦。
2.表示转折关系
常用连词有:but, still, yet,while, when等。
It was late at night, but he went on doing his homework.
夜已深了,但是他还在继续做作业。
She was busy cooking while they were watching TV.
她忙着做饭,而他们却在看电视。
The film is not perfect, still, it's good.
这部影片虽然不是无可挑剔,但还是好的。
3.表示选择关系
常用连词为:or, either...or...。
Would you he tea or coffee?
你是喝茶还是咖啡?
The teacher wanted to see either his father or mother.
老师要见一下他的父亲或是母亲。
Either this road or that on e can lead you to that hospital.
这条路或那条路都通往那家医院。
4.表示因果关系
常用连词有for和so.
She soon fell asleep, for she was too tired.
她很快就睡着了,因为她太累了。
We hurried to the railway station, for there was little time for the train tolee.
我们急忙赶往车站,因为火车很快就要开了。
It was raining harder and harder, so we had to stay at home.
雨下得越来越大,所以我们只得呆在家里。
The teacher asked Susan to go, so she went.
老师让苏姗到她那去,因此她就去了。
注意:1、. 在”祈使句+and/or+陈述句”结构中,当前后两部分间为承接关系时,用and;前后意思为相反关系时,用or.可将前面的祈使句转换成由if引导的条件状语从句,但必须将and 或or 去掉.
如: Hurry up, and we’ll be there in time.= If wehurry up, we’ll be there in time.
2. because和so; although, though和but不能连用
(二)并列连词和连接性副词的区别
引导并列结构的并列连词有and, or, but, so, for, nor等,并列连词包括关联连词both…and, either…or,neither…nor,not only…but also, as well as, as much as等。并列连词也包括连接性副词,如however, hence, therefore, besides, moreover, yet, anyway,
consequently, still, nevertheless, all the same等。但并列连词和连接性副词存在着如下的区别:
1. 位置上的区别
连接两个独立的分句时,并列连词的位置只能放在它所引导的分句句首,前面通常有逗号:
Lopez left For Woodside(美新译西州一城市)the day before yesterday, and he won't be back till the end of the month.
I must work harder, for I still he a long way to go.
Pay him back, or he will bring a suit against you. (快还他钱,不然他要向你起诉。)They all went, but I didn't(go).
连接性副词的位置较灵活,既可放在句首,也可位于句中或句末、但以置于句首居多:
Father is ill; therefore ,he doesn't go to work today.
置于句首
Father is ill; he, therefore, doesn't go to work today.
置于句首
Father is ill; he doesn't go work today, therefore.
置于句末
2. 用法的区别
两个并列连词不可以连用:
Oscar and I go to the club every Saturday evening, and but we play bridge there. (根据句意,应把but划掉。)
但并列连词却可以和连接性副词连用:
He is not in for of the plan, and yet he raised no objection.
三、复合句(主句+连词+从句)
包含一个主句,一个或一个以上的从句的句子叫复合句。从句从属于主句并充当主句的某一成分,如主语,表语,宾语,定语,状语等。
(一)、引导名词性从句的连接词
分类
引导名词性从句的连接词可分为三类:
连词(5个):that(宾语从句或表语从句中that有时可以省略)
whether,if (均表示“是否”表明从句内容的不确定性)
as if ,as though (均表示“好像”,“似乎”)
以上在从句中均不充当任何成分
连接代词(9个):what, whatever, who, whoever,whom, whomever, whose, which, whichever
连接副词(7个):when, where, how, why, whenever, wherever, however
不可省略的连词:
1. 介词后的连词
2. 引导主语从句和同位语从句的连词不可省略。
That she waschosen made us very hy.
We heard the newsthat our team had won.
比较
whether与if 均为"是否"的意思。但在下列情况下,只可用whether:
1. whether引导主语从句并在句首
2. 引导表语从句
3. whether从句作介词宾语
4. 常与 "or not" 连用;if 则不可。
5. 引导同位语从句
Whether he willcome is not clear.
大部分连接词引导的主语从句都可以置于句末,用 it充当形式主语。
It is notimportant who will go.
It is still unknown which teamwill win the match.
1.主语从句
主语从句就是从句作主语。它可作谓语动词的主语,也可作分词的主语。主语从句有三种:
(1)由that引导:
It is impolite( that you talked so loud inthe restaurant)---指代it的内容
你们在餐馆那么大声音说话是极不礼貌的。
It is a great surprise that she won the champion.
她得了冠军,真是令人惊异。
(2)由what, whatever和whoever等代词引导:
What she said just now is correct.
她刚才说的话很对。
What caused the air disaster is under the investigation.
究竟是什么导致了这次空难,正在调查。
Whatever you he seen must be kept in your mind.
不管你看到什么,都要记在心里。
Whoever breaks the world record will get one million yuan as an a ward.
任何打破世界纪录的人将得到一百万元奖金。
(3)由连接副词whether, how, when,why, where引导:
When the sports meet will be held isn'tdecided.
什么时候开运动会还没有定下来。
Whether she can pass the exam is not sure.
她是否能够通过考试还没有把握。
How he arrived there is unknown to anybody.
他是如何到达那里的,没有人知道。
Why the fire broke out here in the workshop remains a mystery.
车间这里为什么会发生火灾仍是个谜。
注意:当主语从句过长而谓语较短时,通常用代词it作形式主语,而把从句放在句尾。
It remains a mystery that the air disaster took place that day.
那天发生的空难仍然是个谜。
It is uncertain whether we'll attend the meeting or not .
我们是否参加那个会议还没有确定。
2.宾语从句
这类从句常是这种结构:主句+引导句+从句,从句中始终用陈述语序。
(1)由that引导(通常that可以省略)
She is very sure that she can work out the problem.
她确信她能解出这道题。
She told me that she could finish it herself.
她跟我说她可以自己完成这件工作。
(2)由what, who, which等关系代词引导
We don't understand what you said just now.
我们不明白你刚才说的话。
Tell me which you want?
告诉我你要哪一个?
Do you know who is the man over there?
你知道那边那个人是谁吗?
(3)由how, when, why, where引导宾语从句
They wanted to know when the building would be set up.
他们想要知道这座楼房何时建成。
Will you please tell me how I can get to the park?
请告诉我怎么走才能到公园好吗?
I wonder where she is now.
我想知道她现在在哪儿?
I don't know why you dislike physics.
我不知道为什么你讨厌物理。
(4)一些形容词之后所接的句子也是宾语从句。这些形容词有:glad, sorry, sure , afraid,worried, angry, aware, confident等。
I'm glad that you've helped me a lot.
很高兴你给我这么大的帮助。
We are confident that we can beat them.
我们有信心打败他们。
The father was angry that his son failed to pass the maths exam.
这位父亲对他的儿子数学不及格很恼火。
I'm not sure if she has finished the painting.
我不清楚她是否完成了那幅作品。
注意:当宾语从句过长时,可用it作形式宾语而将从句放在句子后面。
She thought it pity that I had missed the chance.
她认为我错过了那个机会非常可惜。
I found it very easy that I worked out the problem .
我觉得很容易地就做出了这道难题。
The manager made it clear that your idea was impossible .
经理已明白地指出你的想法不能实现。
3.定语从句
以从句的形式修饰或限定主句中的名词、代词、短语等的句子,叫作定语从句。
定语从句通常用关系词(关系代词和关系副词)把它与主句连接起来。它在句中所修饰和限定的词或短语称为先行词。
引导定语从句的关系代词有:who(指人,在从句中作主语或宾语),whom(指人,作宾语) ,whose(指人,作定语),that(可指人或物),which(指物)。
引导定语从句的关系副词有:when(指时间),where(指地点),why(指原因)。这些关系副词相当于(介词+which)。例如:
when=in(on,at,during)+which
where=in(at,to)+which
why=for which
(1)关系代词在从句中作主语、表语、宾语或定语;关系副词在从句中作状语。
作主语:Thewoman who is talking to the teacher is her mother.
正在跟老师说话的那个女人是她的母亲。
The boy who played the piano on the stage yesterday is Mr. Li's s on.
昨天在台上弹钢琴的那个男孩儿是李先生的儿子。
作表语:Chaplinwas a great actor whose name is well known all over the world.
卓别林是一位闻名于全世界的伟大的演员。
作宾语:Do you know the man whose sonis your schoolmate?
你认识那个他的儿子是你同学的男人吗?
作宾语:Iam looking for the bike (that) I put here yesterday.)
我正在找昨天我放在这里的自行车。
These are the reference books (that) I bought for you yesterday.
这些是我昨天给你买的参考书。
作状语:
指时间:
Jack wasted much time on those days when he was in the middle school.
杰克上中学的时候,浪费了许多时光。
It was in 1937 when Japanese soldiers broke into the city Beiping.
日本鬼子闯入北平城是在一九三七年。
指地点:
This is the place where the composer Beethoven was born.
这就是作曲家贝多芬出生的地方。
He you been to the seaside where we can enjoy swimming?
你去过那处我们可以尽情游泳的海滨吗?
指原因:
Do you know (the reason) why she was so sad?
你知道她为什么这样伤心吗?
Who can tell me why it's so unfair?
谁能告诉我为什么老天爷如此不公平?
That's(the reason)why he was absent.
这就是他缺席的原因。
注意:①当先行词被first,last这类词或最高级修饰时,一律都用that而不用which或who (不管先行词是指人还是物)。
This is the most beautiful picture that Ihe ever seen!
这是我所看见过的最美的画!
I'm the only one that you can rely on.
我是你唯一能够依靠的人。
②当先行词为all,no,any,only,little,much,something,anything,nothing,everything等不定代词的时候,必须用that作引导词引导定语从句。
There is nothing that she can say to you.
她对你没有什么话可说。
She is not interested in anything (that) he has told her.
她对他告诉她的任何事情都不感兴趣。
(2)介词前置的定语从句关系代词which和whom还可以作介词的宾语,这时要把介词放在整个定语从句的前面。
Is this the school in which you studies?
(in which=where)
这是你上学的学校吗?
The man on whom the whole family rely died in a traffic accident yesterday.
那个全家人依靠的顶梁柱昨天死于一场交通事故。
关系代词that和关系副词when,where等都不能作介词的宾语。
The house in which they are living was built 50 years ago.
他们现在正居住的房子是50年以前建的。(不能说:Thehouse in that they are living w as built 50 years ago.)
初中英语语法(句子结构)?
主语———动词———宾语———宾语补足语
在此句型中的动词,叫做可以跟复合宾语的动词,在英语中,这样的动词也不多。后面的宾语补足语是说明宾语的情况的,宾语和宾语补足语一起被称做复合宾语。这个句式是英语中比较复杂的一个句式,因为复合宾语的构成内容较多。下面句子中划线部分为宾语补足语。
1.He found his new job boring.(形容词做宾补)
2.The called their daughter Mary.(名词做宾补)
3.This placed her in a very difficult position.(介词短语做宾补)
4.We went to here house but found her out.(副词做宾补)
5.What do you advise me to do?(不定式做宾补)
6.We thought him to be an honest man.(tobe做宾补)
7.He believed them to he discussed the problem.(不定式的完成式做宾补)
8.He believed her to be telling the truth.(不定式的进行式做宾补)
9.Did you notice him come in?(不带to的不定式做宾补)
10.I saw her chatting with Nancy.(现在分词做宾补)
11.He watched the piano carried upstairs.(过去分词做宾补)
注意:在这个结构中,可以出现用it做形式上的宾语,把真正的宾语放在宾语补足语的后面。在此结构中,宾语常常是动词不定式或宾语从句。
1.He felt it his duty to mention this to her.
分析:it是形式宾语,hisduty是宾语补足语,to mention this to her是真正的宾语。
2.I think it best that you should stay with us.
分析:it是形式宾语,best是宾语补足语,that you should stay with us是真正的宾语。
注意:
1.习惯用语的使用
在英语中,有很多动词习惯用语,在学习的过程中,要注意它们的使用,不必分析单独每个词的使用。
例:
We are short of money.(be short of中short做表语)
She is always making trouble for her friends.(trouble做make的宾语)
He has carried out our instructions to the letter.(our instructions做词组carry out的宾语)
We are waiting for the rain to stop.(wait for后面的the rain是宾语,to stop是宾语补足语)
2.在英语中,大多数动词既可以做及物动词又可以做不及物动词,而且还会有一些固定词组,因此一个动词可以用于几种句型。
例:ask
①Did you ask the price?(直接接名词做宾语)
②She asked them their names.(接双宾语)
③I asked James to buy some bread.(接宾语加不定式做宾语补足语)
④I asked to speak to Fred.(接不定式做宾语)
⑤Didn't you ask him in?(在此句中和副词in连用)
⑥He has asked for an interview with the President.(组成固定词组ask for)
3.There be句型是一种特殊的句子,真正的主语在后面,含义为“有…”
①谓语动词和主语保持一致:There is a television in the sitting room.
②有两个或更多的主语时,动词一般和最近的一个保持一致:There are two girls and a boy dancing in the hall.
③主语的后面有时有修饰语:There are a lot of difficulties facing us.There were many things to be done(此处也可以使用to do).
④谓语动词be可以有时态的变化:There will be a concert in the park tonight.There was little change in him.
⑤谓语也可以有不定式构成的复合谓语。
There used to be a cinema here.
There seems to be something the matter with her.
Is there going to be any activity tonight?
⑥there be句式变疑问句,把be提前;变翻译疑问句也要借助there。
Is there any hope of getting the job?
There is nothing wrong with your watch,is there?
⑦there be句型中也可以使用诸如:live,follow,come,stand,sit,exist等不及物动词:
Once upon a time,there lived a fisherman on the island.
There came a knock at the door.
At the top of the hill there stands an old temple.
⑧用于非谓语的情况下,有时用不定式的复合结构there to be或动名词的复合结构和独立主格结构there being:
You wouldn't want there to be another war.(不定式的复合结构)
The teacher was satisfied with there being no mistakes in his homework.(动名词的复合结构)
There being nothing else to do,we went home.(独立主格结构)
■巩固性练习
请判断下列句子的结构类型
1.He is running.
2.The loud voice from the upstairs made him angry.
3.The little boy is asking the teacher all kinds of questions.
4.She seemed angry.
5.My father bought me a beautiful present.
6.Why do you keep your eyes closed?
7.Will you tell us an exciting story?
8.We must keep our classroom tidy and clean.
9.I heard the baby crying in the sitting room.
10.Can you push the window open?
答案:
1.主语---动词
2.主语---动词---宾语---补语
3.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
4.主语---动词----表语
5.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
6.主语---动词---宾语---宾语
7.主语---动词---宾语---补语
8.主语---动词---宾语---补语
9.主语---动词---宾语---补语
10.主语---动词---宾语---补语
初中英语所有的词组结构
初中英语一般就学简单句,到了初三才会有个宾语从句。
简单句型有五类:(状语和定语位置是不固定的,要看修饰的词的位置在哪里)
1.主语+谓语(谓语动词为不及物动词)
如:Your phone rang just now.
2.主语+谓语+宾语
如:I like you.
3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾补
如:I saw some boys playing football on the ground.
4.主语+谓语+双宾(直接宾语和间接宾语)
如:I ge him a book.(人是间接宾语)
5.主语+系动词+表语
如:This meat tastes good.
初中英语句子成分分析
这是我下载的 觉得比较好 像你说的那样的结构如果要列出来 要好多啊 在具体的做题过程中强调一下就可以了
初中英语12种常见句型讲析
句型(一)
such+名词性词组+that…
So+形容词/副词+that…——如此……以致……
例如:(1)She is such a good teacher that we all love her.她是一个好老师,我们都爱她。
(2)It was such a hot day that they didn’t go out for a walk as usual.这么热的天气,他们没有像往常一样去散步。
注意点:
1.such+a+形容词+名词+that…,可以改写成:so+形容词+a+名词+that…,例句(1)可以改写成:She is so good a teacher that we all love her.
2.在such+形容词+名词复数或不可数名词+that…结构中,形容词如果是many/few或much/little时,用so不用such,即:so+many/few+可数名词复数+that…,so+much/little+不可数名词+that…
(1)There are so many people in the room that I can’t get in.房间里人太多,我进不去。
(2)The man has so much money that he can buy a car.那人很有钱,他能买一辆小汽车。
句型(二)
There be…,either…or…,neither…nor…,not only…but also…
例如:(1)There is a pen and two pencils in his pencil-box.他的铅笔盒里有一支钢笔和两支铅笔。
(2)Not only you but also I he been to the Great Wall.你和我都没有去过长城。
(3)Either you or I am leing for Shanghai.要么你去上海,要么我去上海。
(4)Neither you nor he is right.你和他都不对。
(5)Both Jack and Tim are English.
Jack和Tim是英国人。
注意点:
当这几个句型连接主语时,谓语动词的人称和数要考虑“就近原则”,对比both…and… 来记忆,both…and…连接主语时视为复数。
句型(三)
Enough+名词+to do…——有足够的……做某事
形容词/副词+enough+to do …——足够……做某事
例如:(1)There is enough room to hold these people to he a meeting.有足够的地方容下这些人开会。
(2)The boy is strong enough to carry the hey box.这个男孩力气够大,能搬动这只箱子。
注意点:
enough做副词修饰形容词或副词时,放在所修饰词的后面,句子可以用so…that…句型改写。例句(2)可以改写为:The boy is so strong that he can carry the hey box.这个男孩力气很大,能搬动这只箱子。
句型(四)
too+形容词/副词+to do…——太……以致不能……
例如:(1)I was too excited to say a word.我激动得一个字也说不出来。
(2)Tom is too short to reach the le. Tom太矮了,拿不到那个苹果。
注意点:
这是一个否定句型,不能在不定式前加 not,可以用so…that…结构改写,例如例句(1)可以改写成:I was so excited that I couldn’t say a word.
句型(五)
So that …——以便/以致……
例如:(1)They studied hard so that they could pass the exam.他们学习很努力,为了能通过考试。
(2)They started early so that they caught the early bus.他们起得很早,结果赶上了早班车。
注意点:
在例句(1)中,是引导目的状语;在例句(2)中,是引导结果状语。一般来讲,从句中含有情态动词的,为目的状语。无情态动词的,为结果状语。
句型(六)
祈使句+then/or/and+陈述句
例如:(1)Work hard,and/then/and then you will live a hy life.努力工作,你就会过上幸福生活。
(2)Hurry up, or we will be late for school. 快点,否则我们上学就迟到了。
注意点:
以上句型都可以用条件状语从句来改写。例句(2)可以改写成:If we don’t hurry up,we’ll be late for school.
句型(七)
(1)It’s time for sth.是干某事的时间了。
It’s time (for sb) to do sth.该干某事了。
It’s time that sb did sth.该干某事了。
例如:(1) It’s time for the meeting.该开会了。
(2)It’s time for us to go to school.我们该上学了。
(3)It’s high time that you went to bed.你该上床休息了。
注意点:
在句型(3)中,可以在time前加rush、 high等修饰词,这个句型是虚拟语气的一种,含有“稍迟一点”的含义。而(2)则是“正是干某事的时候”。
句型(八)
(1)It takes sb. Some time to do sth.干某事花某人一些时间
(2)sb. spend some time on sth./(in) doing sth.某人花时间在某事上/花时间干某事
(3)spend some money on sth./(in) doing sth.花钱在某物上/花钱干某事
(4)sth. cost sb. Some money——某事花某人一些钱
(5)pay some money for sth.为某事(物)付钱
例如:(1)It took me two hours to write the letter.写这封信花了我两小时的时间。
(2)He spends half an hour (in) reading English every morning.他每天早上花半小时读英语。
(3)He spends one hour on the housework every day.他每天花一小时做家务。
(4)The bike cost me 298 yuan.这辆自行车花了我298元。
(5)I spent 298 yuan on the bike.我买这辆自行车花了298 元。
(6)I paid 298 yuan for the bike.我花了298元买这辆自行车。
注意点:cost主语一般为物;spend、pay主语一般为人。例(1)中it 用做形式主语,动词不定式为真正主语。
句型(九)
(1)Why not do…?为什么不干某事?
(2)Let’s do …让我们干某事吧。
(3)Shall we do …?我们干某事好吗?
(4)Would you like something/to do sth.…?你想要什么吗?你想要干…吗?
(5)Will you please do …?请你干某事好吗?
(6)What (How) about doing…?干某事怎么样?
例如:(1)Why not go and ask our teacher?Good idea!Let’s go.为什么不去问问老师?好主意!走吧!
(2)Shall we go out for a walk?No, let’s go to the zoo.我们去散步怎么样?不,我们去动物园吧。
(3)Will you please fetch some chalks for me?请你给我拿些粉笔,好吗?
(4)What about singing an English song? Wonderful!唱首英语歌曲怎么样?好极了!
注意点:这些句型都是表示“建议”的句子,可视为同义句。
句型(十)
(1)Let’s go out for a walk,shall we?让我们出去散步,好吗?
(2)Read the book carefully,will you?认真读书,好吗?
注意点:在这两个句型中,(2)所代表的祈使句,一般用will you构成反意疑问句。在(1)中Let’s表示包括“我”在内,用shall we,但若是let us,表示不包括“我”在内,则用will you。
例如:Let us go out for a walk,will you?你让我们出去散散步,好吗?
句型(十一)
So+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也……
Neither/Nor+be/助动词/情态动词+主语——也不……
例如:(1)He can sing a lot of English songs,so can she.他会唱很多英语歌曲,她也是。
(2)She speaks English very well,so do I.她英语说得好,我也是。
(3)Li Lei hasn’t read this book,neither has Lin Feng.李蕾没看过这本书,林风也没看过。
注意点:这两个句型都表示和前面所陈述的内容相同,用倒装句。要注意和 “so+主语+be/助动词/情态动词——确实是”相区别,试对比一下例(2):
A:She speaks English very well.她英语说得很好。
B:so she does.确实是这样。
句型(十二)
I don’t think his answer is right.我认为他的答案不对。
例如:(1)I can’t believe she is right.我相信她是不对的。
(2)You don’t think they will come tomorrow, do you?你认为他们明天不会来,是吗?
注意点:Think、believe、suppose 等接宾语从句时,表示否定时否定主句。变为反意疑问句时,若主语是第一人称,简短问句与宾语从句的主谓语保持一致, 若主句主语是其他人称,与主句主谓语保持一致。例(1)变为反意疑问句应为:I can’t believe she is right,is she?
英语各种类型句子的结构(小学-初中)
掌握英语 句子 结构,才能更准确的理解英语句子的意思并正确写出,也有利于提高中学生的 英语阅读 能力和写作水平。下面是我带来的初中英语句子成分,欢迎阅读!
初中英语句子成分精选
初中英语句子成分分析与讲解
英语句子与汉语句子一样,都是由单词按照一定的规则所组成的。不同的词类在句中所起的作用是不同的。因此,只有搞清不同词类在句中可充当哪些成分,才能正确分析、理解句子的含义,并能准确地遣词 造句 ,逐渐达到流利地说出地道的英语。
请同学们认真阅读下面的问答,我相信它一定会对同学们起到抛砖引玉的作用。
问什么是句子成分?英语句子包含哪些成分?
答组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。它包括:主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语和宾语补足语等。
问各成分在句中的作用如何?分别由哪些词及 短语 充当?
答
1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。如:
The car is running fast.(名词)
We are students.(代词)
One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)
It's bad manners to spit in public.(不定式)
Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)
注意若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。如:
He works in a factory.(实义动词)
I felt cold.(系动词+表语)
How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)
Do you speak English?(助动词+实义动词)
They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)
注意谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。如: He is doing his homework.(名词)
They did nothing this morning.(代词)
She wants to go home.(不定式)
We enjoy playing football.(动名词)
注意①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass, tell,lee等。如:
He bought me a book.
Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)
直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或 for等。如:
Han Chen lent some money to Li Hai.(直宾+间宾)
Xiao Liu bought a dictionary for Tom.(直宾+间宾)
②有的动词常用不定式作宾语,而不能用动名词。这类动词有:want,wish, hope,promise,decide,agree, choose,care等。如:
I hope to see you again.
③有的动词一般只用动名词作宾语,而不用不定式。这类动词有:enjoy,finish,mind,practise,miss, suggest,keep(on)等。如:
Do you mind my opening the window?
④有的动词后接不定式与动名词含义不同。
a)forget to do表示?未发生的动作?,forget doing表示?已完成的动作?。如: Don't forget to come here earlier tomorrow.(还没来)
I forgot returning the book to him.(书已还给他了)
b)stop to do(不定式为状语)表示?停下
原来的事,去做另一件事?,stop doing表示?停止做某事?。如:
I stopped to talk with him.(我停下来与他谈话。)
The students stopped talking when the teacher came in.(老师进来时学生们停止谈话。)
4.定语:用于修饰名词或代词,一般由形容词、名词、数词、不定式等充当。如: What a beautiful kite it is!(形容词)
She is a chemistry teacher.(名词)
There are two students in the classroom.(数词)
We he something to do tomorrow.(不定式)
The man in blue is my brother.(介词短语)
注意定语一般位于被修饰词之前,但若修饰不定代词或不定式等短语作定语,则放在后面。
5.状语:用于修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,一般由副词、介词短语、不定式短语或从句充当。单个副词作状语一般放在被修饰词之前,短语或从句放在句首或句末。如:
Thank you very much.(副词)
I get up at five in the morning.(介词短语)
He is studying hard so as to catch up with others.(不定式短语)
We were hing breakfast when the telephone rang.(从句)
注意enough作状语只能放在被修饰词之后。如:
He is old enough to go to school.
6.表语:用于说明主语的身份、特征或感受,一般由名词、数词、形容词、分词等充当。常用的连系动词有:be,look,get,sound(听起来),feel,become, smell,turn,taste(尝起来)等。如:
They are workers.(名词)
Two and three is five.(数词)
The story is very interesting.(形容词)
M y job(工作)is teaching English.(动名词)
She is at home.(介词短语)
I feel terrible.(形容词)
The dish tastes delicious.(形容词)
7.宾语补足语:用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell,let,help,teach, ask,see,he,order,make等。?宾补?一般由不定式短语、分词、名词、形容词等充当。如:
We elected him monitor.(名词)
I found it difficult to learn English well.(形容词)
The doctor told me to do more exercise.(不定式短语)
He is going to he his hair cut.(过去分词)
They saw a bird flying in the sky.(现在分词)
初中英语句子成分学习
英语句子成分结构详解
一、英语语句基本结构分析:
(一)主谓宾结构:
1、主语:可以作主语的成分有名词(如boy),主格代词(如you),数词,动词不定式,动名词等。主语一般在句首。注意名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
eg: The boy comes from America.
He made a speech.
Two and two is four.
To be a teacher is my dream.
Doing a research is a necessary step of covering a story.
2、谓语:谓语由动词构成,是英语时态、语态变化的主角,一般在主语之后。谓语可以是不及物动词(vi.)没
有宾语,形成主谓结构,
eg:We come.
Many changes took place in my home town.
注(以下这些词是不及物动词:表发生、出现的,如:take place, ear, hen, break out; 表来、去,如:come, go 等)
3、宾语:宾语位于及物动词之后,一般同主语构成一样,不同的是构成宾语的代词必须是?代词宾格?,如:me,him,them等。除了代词宾格可以作宾语外,名词,动名词,不定式等可以作宾语。
eg:I will do it tomorrow.
The boy needs a pen.
I like swimming.
I like to swim this afternoon.
(二)主系表结构:
1、主语:同?主谓宾?结构。
2、谓语:联系动词(Link verb):be动词(am,is,are,was,were,he been);其他联系动词如:become成为,turn变成,go变和感官动词如:feel, touch, hear, see等。其特点是联系动词与其后的表语没有动宾关系,表语多为形容词或副词,既,不可能是宾语。
3、表语:说明主语的状态、性质、等。可为形容词、副词、名词、代词、不定式、分词。
(1)当联系动词不是be,而其后是名词和代词时,多表达?转变为?之意,注意与动宾关系的区别。
eg: He became a teacher at last.
His face turned red.
(2)感官动词多可用作联系动词
eg: He looks well.他面色好。
It sounds nice.这个听起来不错。
I feel good.我感觉好。
The egg smells bad.这个鸡蛋难闻。
例:Tom is a boy.(Tom是个男孩)主语为Tom,系词为be动词的第三人称单数is,表语为a boy
(三)There be 结构:
There be 表示?存在有?。这里的there没有实际意义,不可与副词?there那里?混淆。 此结构后跟名词,表示?(存在)有某事物?
试比较:There is a boy there.(那儿有一个男孩。)/前一个there无实意,后一个there为副词?那里?。
二、定语
定语是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子,汉语中常用的?表示。 定语通常位于被修饰的成分前。若修饰some,any,every,no构成的复合不定代词时,(如:something、nothing);或不定式、分词短语作定语、从句作定语时,则定语通常置后。副词用作定语时须放在名词之后。
(一)形容词作定语:
The little boy needs a blue pen.小男孩需要一支蓝色的钢笔。
(二)数词作定语相当于形容词:
Two boys need two pens.两个男孩需要两支钢笔。
(三)形容词性物主代词或名词所有格作定语:
His boy needs Tom's pen.他的男孩需要Tom的钢笔。
There are two boys of Toms there.那儿有Tom家的两个男孩。
(四)介词短语作定语:
The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours.教室里的男孩需要你的一支钢笔。 The boy in blue is Tom.穿兰色衣服的孩子是汤姆。
There are two boys of 9,and three of 10.有两个9岁的,三个10岁的男孩。
(五)名词作定语:
The boy needs a ball pen.男孩需要一支圆珠笔。
副词作定语:
The boy there needs a pen.那儿的男孩需要一支钢笔。
不定式作定语:
The boy to write this letter needs a pen.写这封信的男孩需要一支钢笔。
(六)分词(短语)作定语:
The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother.那个微笑的男孩需要一支他妈妈买的钢笔。
(七) 定语从句:
The boy who is reading needs a pen.那个在阅读的男孩需要一支钢笔。
三、状语
状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句,说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、让步、方向、程度、目的等
状语在句子中的位置很灵活,常见情况为:通常在句子基本结构之后,强调时放在句首;修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首,地点状语一般须在时间状语之前;一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。
有时状语在句中的某个位置会引起歧义,应注意,如:The boy calls the girl in the classroom.一般理解成?男孩喊教室里的女孩?(此时in the classroom为girl的定语),也可以理解为?男孩在教室里喊女孩(此时?in the classroom为地点状语),最好写作?In the classroom,the boy calls the girl.'
(一)副词(短语)作状语:
The boy needs a pen very much.男孩非常需要一支钢笔。(程度状语)
The boy needs very much the pen bought by his mother.男孩非常需要他母亲买的那支钢笔。(宾语较长则状语前置)
The boy needs a pen now./Now,the boy needs a pen./The boy,now,needs a pen./男孩现在需要一支钢笔。(时间状语)
(二)介词短语作状语:
In the classroom,the boy needs a pen.在教室里,男孩需要一支钢笔。(地点状语) Before his mother,Tom is always a boy.在母亲面前,汤姆总是一个男孩子.(条件状语) On Sundays,there is no student in the classroom.星期天,教室里没有学生.(时间状语)
(三)分词(短语)作状语:
He sits there,asking for a pen.他坐在那儿要一支笔。(表示伴随状态)
Hing to finish his homework,the boy needs a pen.因为不得不完成作业,男孩需要一支笔。(原因状语)
(四)不定式作状语:
The boy needs a pen to do his homework.男孩需要一支笔写家庭作业。(目的状语)
(五)名词作状语:
Come this way!走这条路!(方向状语)
(六)状语从句:
时间状语从句,地点状语从句,原因状语从句,结果状语从句,目的状语从句,比较状语从句,让步状语从句,条件状语从句
四、直接宾语和间接宾语:
(一)特殊的同源宾语现象: fight a fight , dream a dream , etc.
(二)有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,如:give给,pass递,bring带,show显示。这两个宾语通常一个指人,为间接宾语;一个指物,为直接宾语。间接宾语一般位于直接宾语之前。
一般的顺序为:动词 + 间接宾语 + 直接宾语。
eg:Give me a cup of tea,please.
强调间接宾语顺序为:动词 + 直接宾语 + to + 间接宾语。eg:Show this house to Mr.Smith.Mr.
五、宾语补足语
位于宾语之后对宾语作出说明的成分。宾语与其补足语有逻辑上的主谓关系,它们一起构成复合宾语。
(一)名词/代词宾格 + 名词
The war made him a soldier.战争使他成为一名战士.
(二)名词/代词宾格 + 形容词
New methods make the job easy.新 方法 使这项工作变得轻松.
(三)名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语
I often find him at work.我经常发现他在工作.
(四)名词/代词宾格 + 动词不定式
The teacher ask the students to close the windows.老师让学生们关上窗户.
(五)名词/代词宾格 + 分词
I saw a cat running across the road.我看见一只猫跑过了马路.
六、同位语
同位语是在名词或代词之后并列名词或代词对前者加以说明的成分,近乎于后置定语。如: We students should study hard. (students是we的同位语,都是指同一批?学生?) We all are students. (all是we的同位语,都指同样的?我们?)
七、独立成分
有时句子中会有一些与句子没有语法联系的成分,称为句子独立成分(注意:区别于分词独立结构)。
感叹词:oh,hello,aha,ah,等。肯定词yes否定词no称呼语:称呼人的用语。插入语:一些句中插入的 I think , I believe,等。
如: The story,I think,has never come to the end./我相信,这个 故事 还远没结束.
情态词,表示说话人的语气(多作为修饰全句的状语):perhaps也许,maybe大概,acturely实际上,certainly当然,等。
八、分词独立结构
分词作状语时其逻辑主语与句子的主语一致! 否则应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词独立结
构。
例:错句:Studying hard,your score will go up.
正确:(1) Studying hard,you can make your score go up. 或 (2)If you study hard,your score will go up.
解析:错句中分词studying没有自带逻辑主语,则其逻辑主语就是句子的主语,既your score . 显然做study的应是人,不应是your score(分数). 正确句(1)更正了句子的主语,使其与分词逻辑主语一致( 同为you );正确句(2)则使用条件分句带出study的主语,(不过已经不是分词结构了).
分词独立结构常省略being,hing been.不过?There being...?的场合不能省略.
如:
Game (being) over,he went home.
He stands there,book (being) in hand.
独立结构还可用with、without引导,作状语或定语。这种结构不但可以用分词,还可以用不定式、形容词、介词短语、副词或名词等。
如:
With nothing to do,he fell asleep soon.无事可做,他很快就睡着了。
The teacher came in,with glasses on his nose.老师进来了,戴着一付眼镜。(注意,此句on his nose不可省略!)
初中英语句子成分划分
义务教育阶段英语要求掌握的句型:
英语的句子有6种基本结构。
1.主语+系动词+表语(A is B.)
[例句]
哈佛是最早接受中国留学生的美国大学之一。
Harvard is among the first American universities to accept Chinese students.
2.主语+及物动词+宾语(A does B.)
[例句]
这些传统,对今天中国人的价值观念、生活方式和中国的发展道路,具有深刻的影响。
These traditions he exerted a profound impact on the values and way of life of the Chinese people, and on China’s road of development today.
3.主语+不及物动词(A lees.)
[例句]
1847年,中国最早的一批留美学生容闳等人赴美求学。
In 1847, Chinese student Rong Hong and others came to the United States as the first group of Chinese students to study here.
4.主语+及物动词+双宾语(间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物)(A gives B something.)
[例句]
昨天,我参观了国际商用机器公司、美国电话电报公司和贝尔实验室,领略了当代科技发展的前沿成就。
My visit to IBM, AT&T and the Bell laboratory yesterday ge me some first-hand knowledge of the latest successes in modern science and technology.
5.主语+及物动词+复合宾语(即宾语+宾语补足语)(A tells B to do something)
[例句]
今天,正在为实现现代化而奋斗的中国人民,把对外开放作为一项基本国策。
Today, the Chinese people who are struggling to achieve modernization he made the opening-up a basic state policy.
6.There+系动词+主语(There is a man.)
[例句]
在自由市场经济国家企业类型有多种多样。
There are many types of businesses in a free-market economy.
如果有什么问题,详情我可以给你讲解。
Tomorrow (时间状语)they(主语) will cilmb over (助动词will+动词词组构成谓语)a high mountain(宾语)
Nobby(主语) wants(谓语) to make friends with selfish people(原因状语,不定式表原因)
The boy(主语) (is strong enough to 主语补足语)carry(谓语) the hey box (宾语)by himself(宾补).
希望能帮到你。不明白hi我
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