英语句式_英语句子分类
1.英语问句种类有哪些?
2.英语句子结构分类分为哪几种?它们有什么用法?缩写是什么?
3.您能教我划分英语中的句子成份,好吗?
4.英语倒装句的分类。
英语句子成分有主语.谓语.表语.宾语.宾语补足语.定语.状语等。 顺序一般是主语,谓语.宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。
1、主语 主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词.代词.数词.不定式等充当。 He likes watching TV. 他喜欢看电视。
2、谓语 谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。 一般可分为两类: 1)简单谓语 由动词(或短语动词)构成。 可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。 We study for the people.我们为人民学习。 2)复合谓语:情态动词+不定式 I can speak a little English.我可以说一点英语。 My sister is a nurse.我姐姐是护士。
3、宾语 宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。 We like English.我们喜欢英语。 有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。 He ge me some ink.他给了我一点墨水。 有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如: We make him our monitor.我们选他当班长。
4、表语 表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。它又叫作主语补足语。表语位于系动词之后,主要由名词、代词、形容词、数词、副词、介词短语、分词(短语)或动名词(短语)等来充当。
5、定语 在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。 用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。 He is a new student.他是个新生。 但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。 The bike in the room is mine.房间里的自行车是我的。
6、状语 修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。 He lives in London.他住在伦敦。
[解题过程]
主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。 谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。谓语由动词来承担。 宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
副词(adverb,简写为adv)是一种用来修饰动词、形容词、全句的词,说明时间、地点、程度、方式等概念的词。副词是一种半虚半实的词。副词可分为:地点副词、方式副词、程度副词、疑问副词和连接副词。
副词连用顺序:程度副词+方式副词+地点副词+时间副词。 副词 fùcí [adverb] 起修饰或限制动词或形容词作用、表程度或范围的词。
分类:
1) 时间和频度副词: now,then,often,always,usually,early,today, late, next,lastday,already,generally,frequently, seldom,ever,never,yet,soon,too, immediately, finally,shortly, before, ago,sometimes, yesterday. once,twice 2) 地点副词: here, there, everywhere, anywhere, in, out, inside, outside, above, below, down, back, forward, home, upstairs, downstairs, across, along, round , around, near, off, past, up, away, on. 3) 方式副词: carefully, properly, anxiously, suddenly, normally, fast, well, calmly, politely, proudly, softly, warmly 4) 程度副词: much,little, very,rather,so,too,still, quite, perfectly, enough, extremely, entirely,almost, slightly, hardly. 5) 疑问副词: how, when, where, why. 6) 关系副词: when, where, why. 7) 连接副词: therefore,moreover,however,otherwise,then.
英语问句种类有哪些?
首先来看看句子的分类,句子可以分为三种,如下图:
句子的分类
而从句也是一个句子,它是符合5大基本句型结构的简单句,但这个简单句(从句)又同时在另外一个句子(复合句)中担任某种句子成分。
学习从句,至少要理解上面三个概念
比如:
从句是:Who is the most beautiful movie star?谁是最漂亮的**明星?
从句句型分析:who=S=主语,is=V=谓语,the most beautiful movie star=C=主语补足语(表语)
复合句是:She asked who is the most beautiful movie star?他问谁是最漂亮的**明星?
复合句句型分析:she=S=主语,asked=V=谓语,who is the most beautiful movie star=O=宾语,所以Who is the most beautiful movie star?在复合句中是宾语从句。
所以,从句就是在复合句中担任某种句子成分的简单句。
我们知道,句子成分有7种:主语S,谓语V,宾语O,定语D,状语A,补语C,同位语T。
从句除了不能作谓语,其它都可以,所以常见的从句有6种,它们分别是:
6种常见从句
我们逐一来学习一下。
第一、主语从句
主语从句就是作主语的从句。
它的连接词有连词、连接副词、连词代词,如下图:
主语从句连接词
That she came to my birthday party?made me hy.
她来参加我的生日晚会了,这让我很高兴。
Where the English evening?will be held has not been announced.
英语晚会将在哪里举行,还没有宣布。
主语从句放在句首时,句子显得很笨重,因此常用it作形式主语,而将真正的主语后置,比如:
It?is a pity?that you he missed such a wonderful concert.
真遗憾你错过了这么精彩的一场音乐会。
温馨提示:在对符合句进行句型分析的时候,遇到从句的,先把从句当作一个句子成分先划出来,再对从句本身进行句型分析。
第二、表语从句
表语从句就是作表语的从句。
它的连接词有连词、连接副词、连词代词等,如下图:
表语从句连接词
My idea is?that we meet at the bus stop. 我的想法是我们在公共汽车站会面。
That is?why he didn't come to the meeting. 那就是他没有到会的原因。
Things were not?as if/though they had been before.事情不像以前那样。
第三、宾语从句
宾语从句就是作宾语的从句。
宾语从句的连接词
She said?that she would drop maths.?她说她要放弃数学。
I don't understand?why he ge it up midway.?我不理解她为什么半途而废。
Do you know?who broke the glass? 你知道是谁打破了杯子?
第四、同位语从句
同位语从句就是作同位语的从句。
它的连接词有连词、连接副词等,如下图:
同位语从句的连接词
The fact?that everyone loves beauty?is common sense. 爱美是常识。
I he no idea?where he was born.我不知道他出生在哪里。
其中,前面四种从句:主语从句、表语从句、宾语从句、同位语从句相当于名词短语,所以也叫名词性从句。
我们再来看看相当于形容词的形容词性从句,也就是定语从句。
第五、定语从句
定语从句就是作定语的从句。
定语从句主要修饰、限定、描绘名词,有时修饰代词,放所修饰词后边。
定语从句的知识点如下图:
定语从句语法知识点
The girl?who wears a new dress?is my daughter.
那个穿新衣服的女孩是我的女儿。
The student?whose mother is a professor?studies very well.
那个学生的妈妈是一位教授,他学习很好。
This was the book?that interested me?last week.
这就是上周让我感兴趣的那本书。
The boy?that beat me in the ping pong game?was my deskmate.
在乒乓球比赛中击败我的那个男孩是我的同桌。
I will never forget the day?when I joined the Party.我永远忘不了人党的那一天。
接着看看相当于副词的状语从句。
第六、状语从句
状语从句就是作状语的从句。
在复合句中修饰主句中的谓语动词、形容词或副词,起状语作用的从句叫作状语从句。
状语从句的知识点如下图:
状语从句语法知识点
Soon after he jumps?his parachute will open. 他跳伞之后,降落伞就会打开。时间状语从句
It is three years?since he joined the army. 他参军已经三年了。时间状语从句
He didn't come to school?because he was ill. 他没有上学,因为他病了。原因状语从句
If you work hard,you will catch up with others. 如果你努力学习,你会赶上其他同学的。条件状语从句
He studied carefully and hard?so that he passed the exam. 他学习既仔细又努力,因此通过考试了。结果状语从句
英语句子结构分类分为哪几种?它们有什么用法?缩写是什么?
一般疑问句。
2. 特殊疑问句 。
3. 选择疑问句。
4. 反意疑问句。
特殊疑问句:
特殊疑问句是以特殊疑问词开头,对句中某一成分提问的句子叫特殊疑问句。常用的疑问词有:what 、who 、whose 、which 、when 、where 、how 、why等。
回答特殊疑问句时,不能用yes / no,即问什么答什么,尤其是简略回答。
一般疑问句:
一般疑问句是疑问句的一种。它是指用yes(是)或no(否)来回答的句子。其结构是:
系动词be/助动词/情态动词+主语+其他成分。
选择疑问句:
选择疑问句是用or连接询问的两部分,以供选择,答案必须是完整的句子或其省略形式,不能用Yes或No回答一般提出两种或两种以上的可能,问对方选择哪一种.其结构可用一般疑问句,也可用特殊疑问句.供选择的两部分用or连接。
反义疑问句:
(The Disjunctive Question 或 Question tags) 即附加疑问句。它表示提问人的看法,没有把握,需要对方证实。 反义疑问句由两部分组成:前一部分是一个陈述句,后一部分是一个简短的疑问句,两部分的人称时态应保持一致。
主要形式:陈述部分肯定式+疑问部分否定式 ;陈述部分否定式+疑问部分肯定式 。
您能教我划分英语中的句子成份,好吗?
根据结构划分一共是5中句子结构。
简单句
1.主谓结构
S+V
2主谓宾结构
S+V+O
3.主系表结构
S+V+P
4.主谓
间宾
直宾
S+V+o+O
5.主谓宾+宾补
S+V+O+S
并列句and
but
or
复合句:名词从句(宾主表同)·状语从句·定语从句
英语倒装句的分类。
英语的句子成分挺重要的,希望可以帮到你。资料转自沪江。英语句子六大成分:主谓宾、定状表。
主语、宾语和表语:通常由代词或者名词构成;定语:修饰名词;状语:修饰形容词或者动词; 表语:接在系动词后面;
(一).代词:人称代词、物主代词、反身代词、指示代词、不定代词。
1人称代词:
第一、二、三人称,主格、宾格、所有格;
I,you ,he,she, it, me, you, him, her, it, my, your, his, her, its.
2 物主代词
①形容词性物主代词:my, your, his, her, our, their,后面加名词;
②名词性物主代词:mine, yours, his, hers, ours, theirs,后面不能加名词。
eg: May I borrow your pen?
Mine is missing.
3反身代词:
通过反身代词指代主语,使动作发出者把动作在形式上反射到发出者本人。强调人称问题。
eg:I myself took Mary to the airport.
I cooked it myself.
4. 指示代词:
this, that, these, those
5. 不定代词:
some,someone,something,any,anyone,anything,no,no one,nothing,all,both,neither,either,each,every,everybody,everyone,everything.
一些比较重要的不定代词之间的区别:
(1)all, each, every:
① all和every可以指代三个或三个以上的人或物;all可以表示所有东西的总和,是一个不可分割的整体; each只能表示两个或两个以上的人,侧重个体;
② all和every侧重整体,each侧重个体;
eg:Every staff of the university contributed to the fund.
Two girls came, and I ge an le to each.
(2)everyone&every one
everyone等同于everybody,all people ,指的是所有的人;
eg:Everyone thinks they he the right to be here.
every one既可以指人,也可以指物,强调一个个体,通常用every one of ;
eg:Every one of us has faults and shortcomings.
Every one of the films we he shown this year has been a succes.
(3)no one&none
no one 只能指人,none既可以指人,也可以指物,none后面还可以接of;
eg:No one failed the examination.
None of the students failed the examination.
6. it 的用法
(1)指代人,通常用于口语中;
(2)书面语:
① it 用来指代时间、距离、温度、天气等
eg:It's three years since I saw him.
② it 用来前指或者后指
eg:I've lost my book. Where is it?
There is no dou about it that he was a fine teacher.
③ it 做形式主语
eg:Is it possible to learn typewriting very quickly?
④ it 做形式宾语,通常放在谓语动词和宾语补足语(形容词)之间,真正的宾语放在宾补之后
常见动词有:feel, consider, find, believe, make, take, imagine, think, suppose, regard
eg:She thinks it no use telling me.
He has made it clear that he wouldn't agree to the plan.
⑤ it 用于强调句,构成句型It's…that/who…
如何区分强调句中的it和形式主语中的it?
eg:It's clear that they he won.
如果It's和that去掉后,剩下的部分依然能构成完整的句子,就是强调句;否则,即为形式主语。
(二)名词
1. 可数名词
有单复数之分,若名词为单数,通常前面要加冠词a/an、the进行限定;若名词为复数,可以加上the,或者直接用复数名词,或者加上数词来进行限定。
名词的复数形式可以直接加s/es,以y 结尾的,变y 为i ,再加es,还有一些特殊形式的。
有些单数名词的形式,是集合名词,可以用作复数,如police,cattle,people,mankind等;
eg:Several hundreds police were on duty at the demonstration yesterday.
Cattle are allowed to graze on the village common.
不可数名词:通常是物质名词或者抽象名词
2. 不可数名词:
通常是物质名词或者抽象名词,其前可以不加任何东西,若有特指,可以加the.
前面可以加上单位词,进行分类:
常见单位词:
①a piece of +advice/bread/cloth/fortune/information/music/muse
②a bit of、an item of、an article of
3. 名词在翻译中遇到的问题:
(1)不可数名词和可数名词间的转换形式:
eg:water&waters(水域、海洋),sand&sands(沙滩),wood&woods(树林),goods(商品),ash和ashes(废墟)
(2)名词表示特指时,可以加冠词
①不定冠词:a/an,通常表示一,但是不强调数目,翻译时注意;
eg:Germany is a European country.
②定冠词:表示特定或特指
eg:Is this the book that you are looking for?
定冠词还可以使用于一些比较独特的语言现象:如指代地球或宇宙这种独一无二的事物
the+名词:表示全部或者整体
eg:Do you know who invented the computer?
用于乐器或专有名词前,如play the piano、the Thames
倒装句就是将正常的陈述语序加以变化,主要作用是强调被提前的部分
倒装句可分为全部倒装和部分倒装两种:
一?、全部倒装
谓语动词提前至主语之前为全部倒装,如:
Out came his guest.
On the hill stood a little cottage that contained heaps of hay.
There lived an elderly lady whose husband died long ago.
二、部分倒装
助动词或情态动词提至主语之前,谓语动词位置不变,即为部分倒装,如:
Neither could he see through your plan.
So little did I know about him that I was easily taken in by his words.
Doesn't her invitation eal to you?
第一节 否定词提前倒装
否定词用于句首时,句子应进行部分倒装
否定词常用的有:
Not only…(but also), Not until(直到…..才),
No sooner….(than)(一…..就) Never/ Rarely/Seldom
Hardly/Scarcely… (when) Few/Little
Neither/Nor (也不) Nwhere
At no time Under no circumstances(决不)
On no account (决不) In no way
其中not only, no sooner, hardly, scarcely 分别和but (also), than, when搭配使用,需注意:后一组词之后的部分不进行倒装,只有否定词之后的部分倒装
如:Hardly had I arrived home when it began to rain.
Not only was he able to enter the final round of the contest, but he came out first as well.
No sooner had I got any chance to speak than the clerk slammed the door in my face.
Seldom does he trel about.
Under no circumstances should you betray your own country.
此类倒装句一般出现在填空题中,需填入的是倒装部分,只要在句首见到上述的词,就应条件反射的想到用倒装句
例题:
(1)
---- was the first fully successful transatlantic cable finally laid.
(A) Not until 1866
(B) Until 1866, just
(C) Until 1866
(D) In 1866, not until
答案:A
解释:由被动式was laid被名词短语分割开可知, 此句是个部分倒装句, 选项中只有A否定词提前可引导倒装句, 1866应是until的宾语, 故D不对; 此句正常语序应为: The first fully successful transatlantic cable was not finally laid until 1866.
(2)
Not until 1931 ---- the official anthem of the United States.
(A) “The Star-spangled Banner” did become
(B) when “The Star-spangled Banner” became
(C) did “The Star-spangled Banner” become
(D) became “The Star-spangled Banner”
答案:C
解释:否定词not放在句首引起部分倒装,只有C符合倒装语序
第二节 介词、分词词组提前倒装
当句子没有宾语,且主语偏长时,往往将句中作状语的介词短语或作表语的形容词短语或作表语的分词短语提至句首,引起主谓的全部倒装
如:In the middle of the river floated the cluster of plants that she had cast.
Characteristic of an anarchist was her strong opposition to the , which she had blamed for all the social injustices.
Lying on the grassland is a pretty girl in her early twenties.
例题:
(1)
Typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent ----, or pronghorn.
(A) it is the American antelope
(B) the American antelope is
(C) is the American antelope
(D) the American antelope
答案:C
解释:此句为形容词短语be typical of作表语前置引起的完全倒装句, 空白处缺少的实为倒装的主语和谓语动词, A B未倒装, 可首先排除; D无动词, 也可排除. 此句正常语序应为: The American antelope, or pronghorn, is typical of the grassland dwellers of the continent.
(2)
The glaciers that reached the Pacific Coast were valley glaciers, and between those tongues of ice ----that allowed the original forests to survive.
(A) that many sanctuaries were
(B) were many sanctuaries
(C) were there many sanctuaries
(D) there the many sanctuaries
答案:B
解释:and是并列句的连接词,逗号前是分句一,and后是分句二. 因分句二中between引导的介词短语提前,空格处需要分句二倒装的主谓语,D无谓语,可先排除;A使原句只有从句无主句; C中there是多余的,只能选B
第三节 副词提前倒装
副词提至句首引起倒装,可分以下几种情况:
1. only + 副词(when, before, if, after等)
或only+介词状语(由in, under, by, on, after等引导)提前,必须部分倒装
如:Only then did he realize how stupid he had been.
Only after entering the store did Arthur realize that there was danger.
Only in the library can she concentrate on her study.
2. often, such, so等副词提前,部分倒装
如: So diligently did he work that he got hight scores on the final exam.
=He worked so diligently that he got hight scores on the final exam.
Such was his wish that the world would stay away from war forever.
Often did we go on a holiday in hot summer.
注意,so的另一种倒装是表示“也…”
California relies heily on income from crops, and so does Florida.
加利福尼亚过多的依赖于来自农作物的收入,佛罗里达也是这样
同理,体会一下neither, nor的倒装
He can't dance, neither/nor can I.= I can't, either.
他不会跳舞,我也不会。
3. in, out, down, up, away, off, here, there, over等副词提前,全部倒装
如:Off got the staggering gentlemen.
Here are the photos I took at the seaside.
例题:
(1)
As inevitably as human culture has changed with the passing of time, so does the
A B C D
environment.
答案:D
应改为:has
解释:逗号后是副词so引起的倒装句,表示同前者相同,倒装的助动词应与前一句一致,也用has
(2)
Only outside the Earth's atmosphere ---- to attain extremely high velocities.
(A) to be safe for a space vessel
(B) is it safe for a space vessel
(C) for a space vessel to be safe
(D) a space vessel to be safe
答案:B
解释:副词only引导状语放在句首时,句子需要部分倒装,只有B符合题意
第四节 疑问倒装
疑问句需部分倒装语序,由于经常用到不会成为考试的难点。
如:What part did he play in Hamlet?
Do you prefer tea or coffee?
例题:
(1)
Of the millions who saw Haley's comet in 1986, how many people----long enough to see it return in the twenty-first century.
(A) will they live
(B) they will be living
(C) will live
(D) living
答案:C
解释:此句是how many 引导的疑问句, 缺少倒装的谓语部分, 但因主语people已出现在句首疑问词之后, 不需要再进行主谓倒装. A B 中的they是people的重复, 没有必要; D 不能单独作谓语
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