1.关于英语句子成分的问题!!!

2.请大家告诉我初中英语的特殊句式(宾语从句)啊这一类的。

3.我现在读初2,我想知道怎么样划分句子的成分(英语),

4.★初中英语简单问题,求解答★马上给分

5.词类和句子成分的关系初中英语知识点梳理

6.英语句子成分怎样判断一个词语在英语句子的成分,

7.初中英语语法定语从句专项讲解与训练

初中英语句子成分划分题及答案_

句子的基本结构

一、句子的基本成分

句子的基本成分有以下几种:主语、谓语、宾语、表语、定语、状语、补语、同位语。

1、主语:句子的主体,全句述说的对象。一般由名词、代词、不定式、动名词或从句担当,位于句首。

The boy needs a pen.

Smoking is bad for you.

2、谓语:说明主语的动作或状态。由动词或系动词加表语担任,常置于主语后。

The train lees at 6 o’clock.

She is reading.

3、宾语:表示动作的对象。一般由名词或代词担当,常置于谓语后。

He won the game.

He likes playing computer.

4、表语:用以表述主语的特征、状态、身份等。一般由名词或形容词担任,置于系动词之后。

He is a student.

We are tired.

注意:除了be 系动词外,还有一些动词也可以用作系动词,

1)表感官的动词: feel, smell, taste, sound, look, ear, seem 等。

2)表转变变化的动词: become, get, grow, turn, go等。

3)表延续的动词: remain, keep, hold, stay, rest等。

5、定语:对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语或句子。

The black bike is mine.(形容词)

The boy in blue is Jim.(介词短语)

I he nothing to do today.(动词不定式)

注意:1、当定语修饰不定代词如:nothing , anything , everything , something 等时,定语要放在其后作后置定语。例如: I tell him something interesting.

2、不定式、短语或从句作定语时,也放在被修饰的名词之后。例如:

The boys who are in the room are playing games.

6、状语:用以修饰adj. /v. /adv.及全句,位置灵活。

1、修饰形容词或副词时,通常位于被修饰的词之前;

I am very sorry.

2、表示时间、地点、目的的状语一般位于句子两头,强调时放在句首。

In order to cheer him up, I told him the truth.

They are writing English in the classroom.

3、一些表示不确定时间(如:often)或程度(如:almost)的副词状语通常位于be动词、助动词、情态动词之后,动词之前。

We often help him.

He is always late for class.

7、补语:补充说明宾语的情况。由n./adj./介宾/分词/不定式等担任。常位于宾语后。

He made me sad.(形容词)

She asks me to take an umbrella.(不定式)

The war made him a soldier.(名词)

I find him at home.(介词短语)

I saw a cat running along the wall.(分词)

8、同位语:同位语是句子成分的一种, 它位于名词、代词后面, 说明它们的性质和情况, 它可以由名词、代词、名词性短语或从句充当。

Tom, our monitor, is a handsome boy.

I myself will do the experiment.

She is the oldest among them six.

二、句子的基本分类

1、按使用目的,句子可分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句和感叹句。

1)陈述句:说明一个事实或陈述一种看法。例如:

Light trels faster than sound. 光比声传播速度快。(说明事实)

The film is rather boring. 这部**很乏味。(说明看法)

2)疑问句:提出问题。有以下四种:

a. 一般疑问句:

Can you finish the work in time?

b. 特殊疑问句:

Where do you live?

c. 选择疑问句:

Do you want tea or coffee?

d. 反意疑问句:

He doesn't know her, does he?

3)祈使句:提出请求,建议或发出命令。例如:

Don't be nervous!

4)感叹句:表示说话人惊奇、喜悦、愤怒等情绪。例如:

What good news it is!

2、按其结构,句子可以分为以下三类:

1)简单句:只包含一个主谓结构句子叫简单句。例如:

She is fond of collecting stamps.

2)并列句:包含两个或两个以上主谓结构的句子叫并列句,句与句之间通常用并列连词或分号来连接。例如:

The food was good, but he had little etite.

3)复合句:包含一个主句和一个或几个从句的句子叫复合句,从句由从属连词引导。例如:

The film had begun when we got to the cinema.

三、句子的基本结构

1、简单句

1. Things changed.

2. Trees are green.

3. We don’t like children.

4. He ge his sister a piano.

5. I found the book interesting.

2、并列句

This is me and these are my friends.

They must stay in water, or they will die.

It’s not cheap, but it is very good.

It was late, so I went to bed.

四、句子的扩写

1. The children played.

Lots of lovely children from China played hily in the park this morning.

2. The boy lent me a book.

The kind boy in blue coat lent me a very interesting book several days ago, and I love it so much.

句子的基本结构综合训练

一、指出下列划线部分的基本成分。

1. Our school is not far from my home.

2. It is a great pleasure to talk with you

3. All of us considered him honest.

4. Grandma told me an interesting story last night.

5. Her job is to look after the babies.

6. We need a place twice larger than this one.

7. He goes to school by bike.

8. The man over there is my old friend.

9. What he needs is a book.

10. I must lee right now.

二、指出下列句子属于哪种基本句子结构。

1. My grandfather bought me a pair of sports shoes.

2. He broke a piece of glass.

3. He asked us to sing an English song.

4. We will make our school more beautiful.

5. Trees turns green in spring.

6. He came finally last night.

7. Her voice sounds sweet.

8. The meeting will be held in the meetingroom.

9. Mary handed her homework to the teacher.

10. He made it clear that he would lee the city.

三、写出下列句子。

1、她学习很努力。

2、我昨天早上遇见了Lily。

3、五年前我住在北京。

4、你必须在两周以内看完这些书。

5、布朗夫人看起来很健康。

6、这个主意听起来很有趣。

7、我爸爸上个月给我买了一辆崭新的自行车。

8、他的父母给他取名为John。

9、这个学校有一名音乐老师和一名美术老师。

10、我认为他聪明又有趣。

四、扩展下列句子。

1. I went to school.

2. I got a book.

3. He left.

关于英语句子成分的问题!!!

一、动词+介词

1.look at…看…, look like … 看上去像……, look after …照料…

2.listen to…听……

3.welcome to…欢迎到……

4.say hello to …向……问好

5.speak to…对……说话

此类短语相当于及物动词,其后必须带宾语,但宾语无论是名词还是代词,都要放在介词之后.

二、动词+副词

“动词+副词”所构成的短语义分为两类:

A.动词(vt.)+副词

1.put on 穿上 2.take off脱下 3.write down记下

此类短语可以带宾语,宾语若是名词,放在副词前后皆可;宾语若是人称代词,只能放在副词的前面.

B.动词(vi)+副词.

1.come on赶快 2.get up起床 3.go home回家

4.come in进来 5.sit down坐下 6.stand up起立

此类短语属于不及物动词,不可以带宾语.

三、其它类动词词组

1.close the door 2.1ook the same 3.go to work/class

4.be ill 5.he a look/seat 6.he supper

7.1ook young 8.go shopping 9.watch TV/games

10. play games

[介词短语聚焦]

“介词+名词/代词”所构成的短语称为介词短语.现将Unitsl-16常用的介词短语按用法进行归类.

1.in+语言/颜色/衣帽等,表示使用某种语言或穿着…….

2.in + Row/ Team/ Class/ Grade等,表示“在……排/队/班级/年级”等.

3.in the morning/ afternoon/ evening/ 表示“在上午/下午/傍晚”等一段时间.

4.in the desk/ pencil-box/bedroom 等表示“在书桌/铅笔盒/卧室里”.

5.in the tree表示“在树上 (非树本身所有)”;on the tree表示“在树上(为树本身所有)”.

6.in the wall表示“在墙上(凹陷进去)”;on the wall表示“在墙上(指墙的表面)”.

7.at work(在工作)/at school(上学)/at home(在家)应注意此类短语中无the.

8.at + 时刻表示钟点.

9.like this/that表示方式,意为“像……这/那样”.

10.of短语表示所属关系.

11.behind/ beside/ near/ under+ 名词等,表示方位、处所.

12.from与to多表示方向,前者意为“从……”,后者意为“到……”.

另外,以下这些短语也必须掌握.如:on duty, after breakfast, at night, at the door, in the middle, in the sky, on one’s bike等.

[重点句型大回放]

1.I think…意为“我认为……”,是对某人或某事的看法或态度的一种句型.其否定式常用I don’t think…,

2.give sth. to sb./ give sb. sth. 意为“把……给……”,动词give之后可接双宾语,可用这两种句型;若指物的宾语是人称代词时,则只能用give it/ them to sb.

3.take sb./ sth. to…意为“把……(送)带到……”,后常接地点,也可接人.

4.One…, the other…/One is…and one is…意为“一个是……;另一个是……”,必须是两者中.

5.Let sb. do sth. 意为“让某人做某事”,人后应用不带to的动词不定式,其否定式为Don’t let sb,do sth.,或Let sb. not do sth. 另外,Let’s 与Let us的含义不完全相同,前者包括听者在内,后者不包括听者在内,

6.help sb. (to) do sth./help sb. with sth.意为“帮助某人做某事”,前者用不定式作宾补,后者用介词短语作宾补,二者可以互换.

7.What about…?/How about…?意为“……怎么样?”是用来询问或征求对方的观点、意见、看法等.about为介词,其后须接名词、代词或V-ing等形式.

8.It’s time to do…/ It’s time for sth. 意为“该做……的时间了”,其中to后须接原形动词,for后可接名词或V-ing形式.

9.like to do sth./like doing sth.意为“喜欢做某事”, 前一种句型侧重具体的一次性的动作;后一种句型侧重习惯性的动作,

10.ask sb.(not) to do sth. 意为“让某人(不要)做某事”,其中ask sb.后应接动词不定式,

11.show sb. sth. / show sth. to do. 意为“把某物给某人看”,该句型的用法同前面第2点.

12.introduce sb. to sb. 意为“把某人介绍给另一人”;introduce to sb.则是“向某人作介绍”.

[重点短语快速复习]

1.kinds of 各种各样的

2. either…or…或者……或者……,不是……就是……

3. neither…nor…既不……也不……

4. Chinese tea without, anything in it 中国清茶

5. take a seat 就坐

6. home cooking 家常做法

7. be famous for 因……而著名

8. on ones'way to在……途中

9. be sick/ill in hospital生病住院

10. at the end of在……的尽头,在……的末尾

11. wait for 等待

12. in time 及时

13. make one’s way to…往……(艰难地)走去

14. just then 正在那时

15. first of all 首先,第一

16. go wrong 走错路

17. be/get lost 迷路

18. make a noise 吵闹,喧哗

19. get on 上车

20. get off 下车

21. stand in line 站队

22. waiting room 候诊室,候车室

23. at the head of……在……的前头

24. laugh at 嘲笑

25. throw about 乱丢,抛散

26. in fact 实际上

27. at midnight 在半夜

28. he a good time=enjoy oneself玩得愉快

29. quarrel with sb. 和某人吵架

30. take one’s temperature 给某人体温

31. he/get a pain in…某处疼痛

32. he a headache 头痛

33. as soon as… 一……就……

34. feel like doing sth. 想要干某事

35. stop…from doing sth. 阻止……干某事

36. fall asleep 入睡

37. again and again再三地,反复地

38. wake up 醒来,叫醒

39. instead of 代替

40. look over 检查

41. take exercise运动

42. had better(not) do sth. 最好(不要)干某事

43. at the weekend 在周末

44. on time 按时

45. out of从……向外

46. all by oneself 独立,单独

47. lots of=a lot of 许多

48. no longer/more=not…any longer/more 不再

49. get back 回来,取回

50. sooner or later迟早

51. run away 逃跑

52. eat up 吃光,吃完

53. run after 追赶

54. take sth. with sb. 某人随身带着某物

55. take(good) care of…=look after…(well) (好好)照顾,照料

56. think of 考虑到,想起

57. keep a diary 坚持写日记

58. lee one by oneself 把某人单独留下

59. harder and harder 越来越厉害

60. turn on打开(电灯、收音机、煤气等)

61. turn off 关

[重温重点句型]

1.So + be/助动词/情牵动词/主语.

前面陈述的肯定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用到这种倒装结构,表示“另一人(物)也如此.”前面陈述的否定情况也适于另一人(物)时,常用“Neither/ Nor + be/助动词/情态动词+主语.”这种倒装结构.

注意:“So+主语+be/助动词/情态动词.”这一句型常用于表示赞同,进一步肯定对方的看法,表示“的确如此.”“是呀.”

2.Turn right/left at the first/second/…crossing.

这一指路的句型意为“在第一/二/……个十字路口向右/左拐.”相当于Take the first /second/…turning on theright/left.

3.It takes sb.some time to do sth.

此句型表示“干某事花了某人一段时间.”其中的it是形式主语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的主语.

4.…think/find + it + adj. + to do sth.

此句型中的it是形式宾语,不可用其它代词替代,形容词作宾语的补足语,后面的动词不定式(短语)才是真正的宾语.

5.What’s wrong with…?

此句型相当于What’s the matter/ trouble with…?后跟某物作宾语时,意为“某物出什么毛病了?”后跟某人作宾语时,意为“某人怎么了?”

6.too…to…

在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是否定句时,常与简单句too…to…(太……而不能……)进行句型转换.

在so…that…复合句中,that后的句子是肯定句时,常与简单句…enough to…进行句型转换.

7.Sorry to hear that.

全句应为I’m sorry to hear that. 意为“听到此事我很难过(遗憾).”常用于对别人的不幸表示同情、遗憾之意.

[重点句型、词组大盘点]

1. She used to be a Chinese teacher. 她过去是一位汉语老师.

[用法] used to + 动词原形,表示过去经常性的动作或存在的状态,含有现在不再如此之意.

[搭配] used to do的否定式可以是usedn’t to do或didn’t use to do.

[比较] used to do sth. 过去常做某事;be/ get used to doing sth. 习惯于做某事;be used to do sth. 被用来做某事.

2.…return it sooner or later.

……迟早要将它归还.

[用法] l)sooner or later意为“迟早”、“早晚”.

2)return此处用作及物动词,意为“归还”,相当于give back.

[拓展]return还可用作不及物动词,意为“返回”,相当于go back或come back.

3.No matter what the weather is like…无论天气……

[用法]no matter what 相当于whatever,其意为“无论什么”,引导状语从句.

[拓展]类似no matter what的表达方式还有:

no matter when无论什么时候

nbsp; nbsp;nbsp;no matter where无论什么地方

no matter who无论谁

no matter how 无论怎么样

4. A young man practised speaking English with Mr. Green.

一位年经人与格林先生练习讲英语.

[用法]practise doing sth. 表示“实践、练习(做)某事”.

[拓展]practice名词,“实践”、“实施”、“练习”;put a plan into practice实行某.

5. He encouraged everyone to take part in protecting our lakes, rivers, seas and oceans.

他鼓励大家参加保护我们的湖泊、河流和海洋的活动.

[用法]1)encourage用作动词,意思是“鼓励”、“支持”.

2)take part in“参加”,常表示参加活动.

3)protect 是动词,表示“防御”、“保护”.

[搭配]1)encourage sb. in sth.在某事上鼓励或支持某人

nbsp;encourage sb. to do sth.鼓励某人干某事

2)protect sh. from sth.使某人不受某事侵袭或伤害

6. …to warn people about sharks in the water. ……警告人们当里的鲨鱼.

[用法] warn用作动词,意思是“警告”、“警戒”.

[搭配]1)warn sb.+ that从句

2)warn sb. of sth. 警告某人某事

3)warn sb. to do sth.告诫某人做某事

4)warn sb. against(doing) sth.告诫某人当心某事/不要做某事

常用动词短语

1.he: he a cold\cough\fever\headache\pain he a great effect on

he a good time he a match\meeting\discussion had better do sth

he no choice but to do sth he a rest he on

2.make: make a promise make a decision make room for make sense make use of make a face make an effort to do sth make a living make up one’s mind to do sth make a mistake make a noise make a speech make an apology make it a rule

make it make into make…out of… make up

make of make from make a call

3.take: take a seat take a message for take an interest in

take off take on (a new look) take over take steps to do

take some measures to do sth take care take charge take part in

take place take the place of take turns to do sth take medicine

take up

4. go: go cold go hungry be gone go dad want a go

go skating\fishing\shopping\swimming go on doing sth go on to do sth go on with sth go down go well go head go out

go over go against go without go on a picnic go through

5.get: get down to doing sth get hurt\married\dressed\caught

get over get off get ready for get up get in get through get on well with get together get in to the habit of doing

get used to doing sth get rid of get tired of

6.put: put on put forward put off put out

put up put on weight put away put down

7.play: play an important part in play an important role in

play football play the piano

8.keep: keep back keep in touch with keep off keep out

keep one’s promise keep up keep up with keep sb from doing

keep on doing keep order

9.give: give away give out give off give up

give in give some advice on… give a talk on sth give first aid

10e: come about come across come on come out

come to oneself come true come up

11.bring: bring down bring in bring up bring along

12.break: break down break out break away from

break up break into break off break in

13.turn: turn down turn to sb turn into turn off turn in turn over turn against turn away turn on

turn up turn out to…

14.look: look out look up look down upon look after

look at look for look around look over look as if

look forward to doing sth look back upon look into look on

15.do: do sb a four do up do one’s hair do a good deed do wrong

1.弄清词语自身结构用法学生做题时往往仅限于依据词语的中文含义,简单对照.这样就造成了许多中文正确,而英语结构上的错误.如“允许某人干某事”,allow sb to do sth,而不可用做agree sb to do sth.“同意干某事”说allow doing sth.而agree却应为agree to do sth.再如:“希望某人去干某事”expect sb to do sth.不可说为hopesodosth.“建议某人去干某事”,说advise sb to do.就不可说是suggest sb to do sth.这是根据动词自身的基本用法而决定的.这些更需要学习中不断积累.

下面是一些常用动词的不同结构用法:

A.以下动词与不定式连用即afford to do sth .afford,agree,ear,arrange,ask,attempt,care,claim,dare,decide,demand,desire,determine,expect,failhen,

help,

hope,intend,learn,man-age,mean,need,offer,plan,pretend,promise,refuse,seem,used,want,wish

B.以下动词与动名词连用即admit doing sth admit,advise,allow,reciate,oid,can’t help,consider,delay,dreamof,enjoy,escape,excuse,feellike,finish,forbid,giveup,imagine,insiston,keep,mind,miss,

order,persistin,practice,putoff,request,require,risk,stand,stop,suggest

C.以下动词与不定式复合结构连用即advise sb to do sth.advise,allow,ask,beg,callon,cause,consider,dependon,encourage,expect,find,force,get,hate,instruct,invite,like,

long for,need,oblige,permit,persuade,prefer,remind,request,require,suppose,waitfor,warn,etc.let,he,make,(使役动词后的不定式去掉to)see,watch,observe,notice,look at,hear,listen to,feel(感官动词后的不定式去掉to)

继续追问:

句子成分

补充回答: 太多鸟,是要每个都造句么?- -

继续追问: 额……不是,讲讲成分主要是什么,每个给几个例句就成 补充回答: sorry 这么多个,我会累死的><

补充回答: 组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分.英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等.

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定.

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当.

Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视.

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征.

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成.

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气.

Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习.

2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语.

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态.一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当.

Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士.

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等.

WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语.

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语.

Hegemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水.

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语.如:

Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长.

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语.

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等.形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面.

Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生.

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后.

Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的.

6、状语

修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语.用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等.状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾.副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首.

HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦.

7.补语用来说明宾语或主语所处的状态或正在进行的动作,因为英语中有些动词加宾语后意思仍然不完整,如:make(使...),ask(请)等等.如果我们说:我们使我们的祖国.这不是一句完整的话.应该说:我们使我们的祖国更美丽.这是的“美丽的(beautiful)”为形容词做补语,说明祖国的状态.英语句子为:We will make our country more beautiful.作补语的词或词组为:形容词,副词,名词,不定式,ing形式,数词等.

句子的类型:

1.主语+谓语

2.主语+谓语+状语

3.主语+谓语+宾语

4.主语+系动词+表语

5.主语+谓语+间接宾语+直接宾语

6.主语+谓语+直接宾语+间接宾语

7.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语补足语

请大家告诉我初中英语的特殊句式(宾语从句)啊这一类的。

in the meanwhile 同时

at the same time 同时

at noon(the morning, the evening, night)在中午(早上,晚上,半夜)

on time / in time 准时/及时

for a while一会儿

回答者:rockettosky - 门吏 二级 11-23 20:56

1. 人称代词

主格: I we you she he it they

宾格: me us you her him it them

形容词性物主代词:my our your her his its their

名词性物主代词: mine ours yours hers his its theirs

2.形容词和副词的比较级

(1) 一般在形容词或副词后+er

older taller longer stronger, etc

(2) 多音节词前+more

more interesting, etc.

(3) 双写最后一个字母,再+er

bigger fatter, etc.

(4) 把y变i,再+er

heier, earlier

(5) 不规则变化:

well-better, much/many-more, etc.

3.可数词的复数形式

Most nouns + s a book –books

Nouns ending in a consonant +y - y+ ies a story—stories

Nouns ending in s, sh, ch or x + es a glass—glasses a watch-watches

Nouns ending in o +s or +es a piano—pianos a mango—mangoes

Nouns ending in f or fe - f or fe +ves a knife –knives a shelf-shelves

4.不可数名词(单复数形式不变)

bread, rice, water ,juice etc.

5. 缩略形式

I’m = I am you’re = you are she’s = she is he’s = he is

it’s = it is who’s =who is can’t =can not isn’t=is not etc

6. a/an

a book, a peach

an egg an hour

7. Preposition:

on, in ,in front of, between, next to, near, beside, at, behind.

表示时间: at six o’clock, at Christmas, at breakfast

on Monday on 15th July On National Day

in the evening in December in winter

8. 基数词和序数词

one – first two-second twenty-twentieth

9. Some /any

I he some toys in my bedroom.

Do you he any brothers or sisters?

10. be 动词

(1) Basic form: am/are/is

(2) 肯定和否定句 I am(not) from London.

My eyes are(not) small.

My hair is(not) long.

(3)一般疑问句: Am I a Chniese? Yes, you are. No, you aren’t.

Are they American? Yes, they are. No, they aren’t.

Is the cat fat? Yes, it is. No, it isn’t.

11. there be 结构

肯定句: There is a …

There are …

一般疑问句:Is there …? Yes, there is./ No, there isn’t.

Are there…? Yes, there are. /No, there aren’t.

否定句: There isn’t …. There aren’t….

12. 祈使句

Sit down please

Don’t sit down, please.

13. 现在进行时.通常用“now”.

形式: be + verb +ing

eg: I am(not) doing my homework.

You/We/They are(not) reading.

He/She/It is(not) eating.

动词 —ing 的形式

Most verbs +ing walk—walking

Verbs ending in e -e + ing come—coming

Short verbs ending in a vowel + a consonant run –running swim—swimming

14 一般现在时。通常用 “usually, often, every day, sometimes”。

形式:

肯定句:

I go to school on foot every day.

She goes to school on foot every day.

在英语里的词性有如下这些:

1,名词,Nouns (n.) 表示人或事物的名称 box, pen,tree,le

2,代词,Pronouns (pron.)代替名词、数词、形容词We, this, them,myself

3,形容词, Adjectives(adj.) 用来修饰名词,表示人或事物的特征 good, sad, high, short

4,数词,Numerals(num.)表示数目或顺序 one,two, first

5,动词,Verb (v.) 表示动作或状态 Jump,sing,visit

6,副词,Adverbs(adv.) 修饰动、形、副等词,表示动作特征 there,widely,suddenly

7,冠词,Articles (art.) 用在名词前,帮助说明名词所指的范围 a, an, the

8,介词,Prepositions (prep.) 用在名词或代词前,说明它与别的词的关系 in,on,down,up

9,连词,Conjunctions (conj.) 表示人或事物的名称if,because,but

10,感叹词, Interjections (int.) 代替名词、数词、形容词等 oh,hello,hi,yeah

vt.是及物动词,vt.后必须跟宾语:sing a song

vi.是不及物动词,vi.后不直接带宾语或不带宾语:jump high

情态动词

情态动词,在英文中主要用来表示说话人的看法、态度等。它很接近中文里的能愿动词。从用法上来说,它有这样几个特点: 1)各个情态动词自身都有一定的词义。 2)情态动词不能在句中独立担当谓语。 3)情态动词在句中不受任何人称,性,数变化的影响。常见的情态动词如下:

can(could)

shall(should)/will(would)

may(might)

must

need

dare

ought(除这个是接to以外,以上各个词都是直接接动词原形)

1.主谓一致

1.1并列结构作主语时谓语用复数

例如:Reading and writing are very important. 读和写都是非常重要的。

[注意]: 当主语由and连接时,如果它表示一个单一的概念,即指同一人或同一物时,谓语动词用单数,and 此时连接的两个词前只有一个冠词。

例如:The iron and steel industry is very important to our life.钢铁工业对于我们的生活来说是非常重要的。

1.2主谓一致中的靠近原则

1)当there be 句型的主语是一系列事物时,谓语应与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如:There is a pen, a knife and several books on the desk……桌上有笔、小刀和几本书。

2)当either… or… 与neither… nor, 连接两个主语时,谓语动词与最邻近的主语保持一致。

例如:Either you or she is to go.要么是你走,要么是她走。

Neither I nor he is to blame.我和他都不应该受责备。

1.3谓语动词与前面的主语一致

当主语后面跟有with, together with, like, except, but, no less than, as well as 等词引起的短语时,谓语动词与最前面的主语一致。

例如:The teacher together with some students is visiting the factory.老师和一些学生在参观工厂。

He as well as I wants to go boating.他和我都想去划船。

1.4谓语需用单数的情况

1) 代词each和由every, some, no, any等构成的复合代词作主语,或主语中含有each, every, 谓语需用单数。

例如:Each of us has a tape-recorder.我们每个人都有一台录音机。

There is something wrong with my watch.我的表出问题了。

2) 当主语是一本书或一条格言时,谓语动词常用单数。

例如:The Arabian Night is a book known to lovers of English.>是英语爱好者熟悉的一本好书。

3) 表示金钱,时间,价格或度量衡的复合名词作主语时,通常把这些名词看作一个整体,谓语一般用单数。

例如:Three weeks was allowed for making the necessary preparations.允许用三周的时间做必要的准备工作。

Ten yuan is enough.十元钱足够了。

1.5指代意义决定谓语的单复数

1) 集体名词作主语时,谓语的数要根据主语的意思来决定。如family, audience, crew, crowd, class, company, committee等词后用复数形式时,意为这个集体中的各个成员,用单数时表示该集体。

例如:His family isn’t very large.他家不是一个大家庭。

His family are music lovers. 他的家人都是音乐爱好者。

但集合名词people, police, cattle, poultry等在任何情况下都用复数形式。

例如:Are there any police around?周围有警察吗?

2)有些名词,如variety, number, population, proportion, majority 等有时看作单数,有时看作复数。

例如:A number of +名词复数+复数动词

The number of +名词复数+单数动词

例如:A number of books he lent out.不少书都被借出去了。

The majority of the students like English.大多数学生喜欢学英语。

1.6 与后接名词或代词保持一致

1) 用half of, part of, most of, a portion of 等词引起主语时,动词通常与of后面的名词,代词保持一致。

例如:Most of his money is spent on books.他的钱大多用来买书了。

Most of the students are taking an active part in sports.大部分学生都能积极参加体育活动。

2) 在一些短语,如 many a 或 more than one 所修饰的词作主语时,谓语动词多用单数形式。但由more than… of 作主语时,动词应与其后的名词或代词保持一致。

例如:Many a person has read the novel. 许多人都读过这本书。

More than 60 percent of the students are from the city.百分之六十多的学生都来自这个城市。

2.名词和代词一致

2.1 代词与其代替或修饰的名词在人称和性别上必须保持一致。

例如:(错误) Those of us who are over fifty years old should get their blood pressure checked regularly.

(正确) Those of us who are over fifty years old should get our blood pressure checked regularly.

我们中五十岁以上的人应该定期地检查血压。

3.同等成分一致

3.1句子中的同等成分应该在结构上保持一致,否则会失去平衡和协调。

例如:(错误)She is not only famous in China but also abroad.

(正确)She is famous not only in China but also abroad.

她不仅在中国,在国际上也很有名气。

3.2在比较结构中,被比较的事物应是同等成分。

例如:(错误)The workers in that factory are fewer than our factory.

(正确)The workers in that factory are fewer than those in our factory.

那个工厂的工人比我们厂的工人少。

代词、数词、介词、和连词

上面我们已经讲了动词、名词、形容词和副词的用法。中考中当然也会涉及到其他诸如代词、数词、介词、和连词等的用法。下面我就简单提醒大家每类词需注意的地方。

1.代词

同学们需掌握以下不定代词:all, each, both, either, neither, one, none, little, few, many, much, other, another, some, any, no以及由some, any, no, every构成的合成词如 nobody等,并注意不定代词的定语后置,如something English

2.数词

同学们需要记住一些特殊拼写的序数词。如:第1—— first 第2—— second 第3—— third 第5—— fifth 第9—— ninth第12—— twelfth 第20—— twentieth

另外需要记住以下短语:hundreds of 数以百计thousands of 数以千计tens of thousands of 数以万计several millions of好几百万 但表示确切的百或千时不能用复数形式,如:ten thousandthree million

3.介词

介词的考察内容主要是介词短语,特别是那些有固定搭配和固定用法的介词短语。这类短语比较多,这里我不再一一赘述,大家可以看《初中英语复习指导》第204页至208页上的词组。但我要特别提几个以前旧教材所没有的短语,请大家注意。

如,speak highly of高度赞扬 regard… as …视为,把……看做…… make a contribution to doing sth 为……做贡献

4.连词

同学们需要特别记忆以下连词或连词短语:neither…nor…either…or…not only…but also…both…and…前三个短语引导主语时,谓语动词需遵循就近原则。

如,Neither you nor I am right. 你和我都不正确。

Either Lucy or Lily is going there. 不是Lucy就是Lily要去那儿。

那么both…and…连接主语时,谓语动词要用复数形式。

如,Both Lucy and Lily are going there.

句子的种类

1.应特别注意掌握的简单句

有介词的特殊疑问句

在特殊问句中,作为介词宾语的疑问代词可以与介词分离,放在句首,而把介词放在句尾。

如,Whom do you trel with?当然,也可以把介词放在句首。

总之,不要把介词丢掉。

有插入语的特殊疑问句

在特殊问句中,经常可以看到这样的句子:Where do you think they may go?其中,do you think 是疑问式插入语,其余部分是think的宾语从句。注意,疑问式插入语同句子的其余部分不用逗号分开。

疑问式插入语还有do you hope, do you guess 等。在肯定句中也有插入语。如:That man, I guess, is neither a policeman nor a soldier. 在肯定句的插入语要用逗号与句子的其他部分分开。去掉插入语,该句子仍然是个完整的句子。

You’d better (not)… (do sth.) 这个说法常用于提出“劝告,建议,告戒”。 比较委婉的有礼貌的说法是 Would you like …? 或 What about (doing)…?如,It’s too dark. You’d better lee at once. I’m afraid (that) … I’m afraid (that) I can’t go with you today. 常用来委婉地表示自己的看法或预料一件令人不悦的事情。

2.并列句

并列句的考查重点是并列连词。并列连词有and, or, but, both… and, neither… nor, either… or, not only… but also…等。

3.复合句

复合句考查的主要内容是宾语从句、状语从句和定语从句。

①宾语从句

宾语从句的考查要点是:时态的呼应、人称的一致、词序等。

A.宾语从句的连接词:宾语从句本身是叙述句是,用that 引导。He said (that) he would lee on March 12 next weeek.宾语从句本身是特殊疑问句时,用疑问词引导。 Do you know where we can find our teacher?宾语从句本身是一般疑问句时,用if 或whether引导。I don’t know if / whether he has done that.

B. 宾语从句与主句时态的呼应。主句谓语是现在时和将来时的时候,宾语从句的动词时态不受影响。如,It is said that the panda was sent to America last month.主句是过去时态,从句谓语要做适当调整:

a)由现在时调整为过去时。I didn’t know you were also here.

b)由将来时调整为过去将来时He said that he would go to Beijing the next week.

c)过去时态多数不受影响,但“一般过去时”常调整为“过去完成时”,尤其是从句中有before, since 一类的时间状语时,多调整为“过去完成时”如:She said she had worked at this school before her father came to this city.

②状语从句

状语从句有时间状语从句(常由when, while, before, after, until, as soon as等词引导)、地点状语从句(常有where 引导)、原因状语从句(常有because, since, as 引导,这三词所表达的语气由because到as逐渐减弱,由why提出的问题必须用because 来回答), 条件状语从句(常由if引导)、结果状语从句(常由such … that…, so…that…, so that等引导 )、让步状语从句(常由though, although引导)。

③定语从句

其考查内容主要是正确使用关系代词{who(指人)、that(指人或物)、which(指物)} , etc. 定语从句一般紧跟在修饰词的后面,如:She is the person who I want to see. 她就是我想见到的人。有时,为了使句子平衡,也可把定语从句与所修饰词分开。

同学们还记得这样一句话吗?Then a screen came up that read,“Congratulations!” 这是第三册第54课中的一个句子。

我现在读初2,我想知道怎么样划分句子的成分(英语),

因为已经看到有朋友为你讲述从句的问题了,讲解得很细致,所以我就不再解答了。但看到你追问的句子成分,我想将我手中的一点资料与你分享。

一、主要成分:

主语、谓语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语、同位语

1.主语

主语表示所说的“是什么”或“是谁”。能充当主语的词:名词、代词、数词、不定式、动名词或从句等。

数词: Four is enough for me. 四个对我来说就足够了。

Three and four makes seven.三加四等于七。

特殊情况

it 形式主语

例: It is our duty to try our best to learn English well.

It is very difficult for the young girl to carry the big box.

It is very kind of you to say so.

The +形容词(表一类)

例:The old need our help. 老人需要我们的照顾。

2.谓语

是“做什么”、“是什么”、“怎么样”。谓语主要指的动词(情态动词、连系动词、行为/实义动词、助动词)

助动词指的是:帮助完成时态、语态,或构成否定句、疑问句、简略回答等。主要有:be(is,am,are,was, were),do(does, did),he( has ,had),shall (should), will (would) 等。

行为/实义动词: 分及物动词(say)和不及物动词(talk) 、 延续性动词(keep)和瞬间性动词(borrow)、还有使役动词(make,he, let…)等

连系动词: be, look, seem, ear, smell, taste, sound, feel, keep,stay, become, get, go, turn, come, fall… (一般在使用连系动词时,会形成系动词+表语的结构。

3.表语

说明主语“是什么”或者“怎么样”。说明主语的特征、属性、状态和身份等。充当表语的可以是:名词、代词、数词、形容词、副词、不定式、doing 和done 、介词短语或从句等。

连系动词+… 就是系表结构。

4.宾语

宾语是及物动词所表示动作的对象或介词的对象,要放在谓语动词的后面或是介词后。

种类:直接宾语(动作的承受者)和间接宾语(动作是对谁或是为谁做的)例:Please give me(间宾) a glass of water(直宾).

可以做主语的词汇都可做宾语。

特殊:同源宾语 例:live a hy life laugh a good laugh 等。

5.定语

修饰名词或代词。一般由形容词、代词、数词、名词和名词所有格、doing 和done 等构成。放在前,形成前置定语。 例:my class。由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式、doing 、done等,放在后,做后置定语。例:something interesting , the way to do …

从句也可以做定语,叫定语从句。一般放在所修饰的词汇后面,但也有放在前的情况。主要构成:先行部分+引导词+句子 例:I like the songs that I can sing along with.

6.状语

用来修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子。指时间、地点、方式、比较、程度、原因、目的、结果、条件和让步等。

副词、介词短语、动词不定式、分词短语、形容词短语和名词短语等可以充当状语。

例:Native speakers speak very fast.

7.补语

一般指宾语补足语。为了补充说明宾语的。两者在逻辑上是主谓关系,当含有宾语补足语的句子变为被动语态时,宾语补足语便是主语补足语。名词、形容词、副词、介词短语、doing、done、不定式等都可以做补足语。

例:I find watching English movies frustrating because they speak too quickly.

8.同位语

对句子中某一成分做进一步解释、说明, 与前面名词在语法上处于同等地位。常常置于被说明的词的后面。名词、代词、数词和从句都可以作同位语。

例:Shui junyi, a reporter from CCTV, is interviewing an important person.

We each he a new English book.

★初中英语简单问题,求解答★马上给分

组成句子的各个部分叫句子成分。英语句子成分有主语,谓语,表语,宾语,宾语补足语,定语,状语等。

顺序一般是主语,谓语,宾语,宾语补足语,而表语,定语,状语的位置要根据情况而定。

1、主语

主语表示句子主要说明的人或事物,一般由名词,代词,数词,不定式等充当。

Helikeswatch'ingTV.他喜欢看电视。

2、谓语

谓语说明主语的动作,状态或特征。

一般可分为两类:

1),简单谓语

由动词(或短语动词)构成。

可以有不同的时态,语态和语气。

Westud'yforthepeo'ple.我们为人民学习。

2),复合谓语:情态动词+不定式

Icanspeakalit'tleEng'lish.我可以说一点英语。

3、表语

表语是谓语的一部分,它位于系动词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征,属性或状态。一般由名词,代词,形容词,副词,不定式,介词短语等充当。

Mysis'terisanurse.我姐姐是护士。

4、宾语

宾语表示动作行为的对象,跟在及物动词之后,能作宾语的有名词,代词,数词,动词不定式等。

WelikeEng'lish.我们喜欢英语。

有些及物动词可以带两个宾语,往往一个指人,一个指物,指人的叫间接宾语,指物的叫直接宾语。

Hegemesom'eink.他给了我一点墨水。

有些及物动词的宾语后面还需要有一个补足语,意思才完整,宾语和它的补足语构成复合宾语。如:

Wemakehimourmon'itor.我们选他当班长。

5、定语

在句中修饰名词或代词的成分叫定语。

用作定语的主要是形容词,代词,数词,名词,副词,动词不定式,介词短语等。形容词,代词,数词,名词等作定语时,通常放在被修饰的词前面。

Heisanewstu'dent.他是个新生。

但副词,动词不定式,介词短语等作定语时,则放在被修饰的词之后。

Thebikeintheroomismine.房间里的自行车是我的。

6、状语

修饰动词,形容词,副词以及全句的句子成分,叫做状语。用作状语的通常是副词,介词短语,不定式和从句等。状语一般放在被修饰的词之后或放在句尾。副词作状语时可放在被修饰的词前或句首。

HelivesinLon'don.他住在伦敦。

从句是指用于复合句中担当某个句子成分的主谓结构。虽说从句自身的句子结构是完整的, 但是它不能视为独立的句子,因为它离开了主语就无法独立、完整地表达意思。按其所能表达的意义而言,它相当于一个词或是一个词组.例如: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on , many people think they can talk at movies as well . (状语从句)许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话,所以他们认为在**院也可以如此。 2) Whether he comes or not doesn't make any difference to me . (主语从句) 他来与不来对我都一样。 3)There is disagreement among economists about what money is and how money is measured(宾语从句)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币经济学家之间存有分歧。 4) China is not what it used to be . (表语从句)中国不是它过去的样子了。 5) Is there any proof that the food of plant differs from that of animals ? (同位语从句)有没有什么证据说明植物性食品不同于动物性食品? 6) Taxes consist of money that people pay to support their . (定语从句) 税款是人们支持而交的钱。 如果将上面的复合句中所有的从句都独立出来,那将是这样的: 1) Because they talk at home while the television is on 2) Whether he comes or not 3) what money is and how money is measured 4) what it used to be 5) that the food of plant differs from that of animals 6) that people pay to support their 我们很容易看出,上面的所有这些句子既不是陈述句、疑问句,也不是祁使句,更不是感叹句。也就是说,它们不是独立的句子;也只有在附属于主句后才能获得意义如下:1)因为许多人在家里是边看电视边谈话 2)他来与不来 3)什么是货币以及怎样计量货币 4)它过去的样子5)植物性食品不同于动物性食品6)人们支持而交的上面的这些句子在我们中文里如同是人们常说的"半截话";在英文中也就是个"词或词组"了。 B. 我们虽然说过,从句自身的句子结构基本是完整的,但是它不同于"独立句子"的是--每个从句的最前面都好象"戴了顶帽子"即:从属关系词。由此可以看出,从句的另一个特点是:从属关系词总是立于从句之首. C. 从句的再一个特点是:一般说来(除少数倒装的情况外),从句中的语序应该是正常语序。 D. 关于从句种类的划分有两种方法:按从句的词性划分和按从句的句子功能划分。如果按从句的词性划分,从句可分为三种:名词从句、形容词从句和副词从句。如果按从句的句子功能划分(也就是按从句在句子中所担任的成分来划分),从句可分为:主语从句、宾语从句、 表语从句、同位语从句、定语从句和状语从句。其实,这两种划分从句的方法在逻辑上是一致的.我们知道,能在句子里充当主语、宾语、表语和同位语的往往是名词、代词等,所以名词从句涵盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。形容词和副词常分别在句中担当定语和状语,所以,形容词从句和副词从句其实分别是定语从句和状语从句。 名词从句名词从句在句中是一个相当于名词的主谓结构。我们在前面说过,名词从句含盖了主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。连接这些从句与主句的关系词主要有三类: 1.从属连词:that(无有词义) , whether(是否) ,if (是否) 2.关系代词:who(谁,主格) , whom(谁,宾格),whose谁的,所有格) , what(什么),which(哪个,哪些) 3.关系副词:when(什么时候) where(什么地方)why(为什么) , how(怎样) 名词从句中的从属连词在从句里不担任任何成分,只起连接的作用;而关系代词和关系副词不仅仅是起连接的作用,而且还在从句里担任一定的成分;关系代词常在从句中担任主语、宾语或表语等成分;关系副词常在从句中担任状语。另外,在使用上面的这些关系词时,有几个问题值得我们注意:首先,只能用whether而不能用if的情况. 1)引导主语从句,例如: Whether we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(正确)我们是否要为这个项目还没有定下来。 OR: It has not been decided whether we'll make a loan for the project . (正确) If we'll make a loan for the project has not been decided .(错误) OR: It has not been decided if we'll make a loan for the project . (错误) 2)作介词的宾语,例如: I he no idea about whether I can raise the money for buying a car . (正确)我不知道我是否能为买车筹措到资金。 I he no idea about if I can raise the money for buying a car . (错误) 3)后接不定式 ,例如: He didn't know whether to go all himself first or wait for her here.(正确)他不知道是他自己先去还是在这儿等她。 He didn't know if to go all himself or wait for her here . (错误) 4)后接or not ,例如: We wonder whether they'll come in time or not.(正确) 我们担心他们会不会准时到。 We wonder if they'll come in time or not . (错误)其次,what引导的名词从句表达的意思是"……所……的"。这个"所怎么的"定义根据"从句谓语的动作意义"而定。例如: I don't understand what you said.我不理解你所说的话。 What he needs is to practice more.他所需要的是勤于练习。 Money is what she is really after.金钱是她所真正追求的东西。 People he different ideas about what hiness means . 人们对于幸福的含义有不同见解。最后,要了解 -ever = no matter ,用于表示强调,意为"无论……"。也就是说: whatever = no matter what(无论什么) whoever = no matter who(无论谁) whichever = no matter which(无论那个) whenever =no matter when (无论何时) wherever = no matter where(无论何地) however = no matter how (无论怎样) A 主语从句用作主语的主谓结构称之为主语从句。例如: Whether he'll come or not remains a question . 他是否会来依然是一个问题。 Whoever says that is not allowed .无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 That she reads English aloud every morning helps her a lot in the improvement of her English study . 她每天早晨朗读英文对提高她的英语学习起了很大的作用。 要点提示在使用主语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)尽管主从连词that在主语从句中没有任何意义,但一般不能省略。 That there is no elevator in the building is the critical inconvenience .这幢楼里没有电梯是极大的不便之处。 It is necessary (that) he he his further study incollege.(当主语从句在后面时,连词that可以省去)他在大学进一步深造是完全必要的。 2)为了保持句子平衡或在正式文体中,常用先行It代替主语从句而将主语从句置于句末。 It remains a question Whether he'll come or not . 他是否会来,依然是一个问题。 It is not allowed Whoever says that. 无论谁这样说都是不允许的。 3)在It + be +形容词/ 名词 + that从句的结构中,由于某些形容词/ 名词的原因,that从句中的谓语动词要用虚拟式。这类形容词/ 名词常见的有: essential(绝对必要的), important(重要的), advisable(明智的), desirable(希望能够的), imperative(必须的), natural(自然的), necessary必要的), regretful(遗憾的), strange(奇怪的), proper(适当的), urgent(紧急的), duty(义务、责任), a pity (遗憾), no wonder(难怪), a regret(遗憾)。例如: It is strange that he ( should ) say so . 他居然会这样说,真是奇怪。 It is a great pity that you ( should ) think so . 他居然会这样想,真是一件憾事。 It is natural that a bird ( should ) rest in trees . 鸟在树上安歇是很自然的。 It is a wonder that he should he passed the exam. 他这次考试居然会及格,真是个奇迹。 4)以what引导的主语从句常用于句首表示强调。 What they need now is financial aid . 他们现在所需要的是经济援助。 What she thinks of me doesn't mean much to me . 她怎么样看我,对我来说无所谓。 What you he said hurt her a lot .你所说的话对她伤害很大。 B 宾语从句用作谓语动词、介词以及非谓语动词形式的宾语的主谓结构称之为宾语从句。也就是说,只要是用一个主谓结构去充当宾语,那么这个主谓结构就称为宾语从句。 例如: I believe that he will find a job in that publisher .(作谓语动词的宾语)我相信,他一定会在那家出版社找到工作。 He laughed at what they said . (作介词的宾语)她对他们说的话,一笑置之。 要点提示在使用宾语从句中,有几个问题值得我们注意: 1)宾语从句与主句的时态一致性问题这种一致性的要求,只有当主句的谓语动词用于"过去时区"的时候才存在。凡是在"过去时区"内的各种不同时态都在其中。另外,这种一致性只要求宾语从句的谓语动词也用于"过去时区"即可,至于用什么样具体的时态就要依从句的需要而定了。 He had told me that he would join the club sometime . 他曾经告诉我说,他会在某个时候参加俱乐部的。 I remembered that I had met him somewhere . 我记得我曾在哪儿见过他。 She thought that she would he finished what she was doing by the end of the month . 她认为在那个月底她将完成她手头上做的事。 2)if引导的宾语从句不能作介词的宾语,而只有用whether引导才行。这一点在上面刚刚讲过.(略) 3)某些动词后面,宾语从句的谓语要求用虚拟式。这一点已在"虚拟语气"一章中讨论过了,本章只作简单的复习。这类要求宾语从句的谓语用虚拟式的动词,常见的有:command(命令), demand(要求), desire(希望), insist(坚持), order(命令), propose(提议), recommend(推荐), request(要求), require(要求), suggest(建议),等。例如: He proposed that we ( should ) set a dead line for the complement of the plan . 他提议拟定一个执行的期限。 C 表语从句在句子中担当表语的主谓结构称之为表语从句。它常位于句中联系动词或是起联系动词作用的动词之后.例如: The problem is where we can hold our meeting . 问题是我们可以在哪儿举行会议。 It seems that everything goes smoothly .似乎一切都进行得很顺利。 The cause is that the temperature of water is lower that needed . 其原因是水的温度低于所需要的温度。 That is what he really wants .那就是他真想要的东西。 D 同位语从句同位语从句就是在句子中担当同位语的主谓结构.在使用同位语从句时要特别注意:尽管主从连词that在同位语从句中没有任何意义,但却不能省略。另外,同位语从句常用于下面这些名词的后面(其中,斜体字的名词后面所接的同位语从句中要用虚拟语气): fact(事实), fear(担心、害怕), belief(信念,意见), evidence(证据), hope(希望), idea(想法) news(新闻), dou(怀疑), suggestion(建议), motion(动议), proposal(提议), order(命令), recommendation(推荐),等等。例如: There is the news that an American delegation will arrive in Beijing tomorrow afternoon . 有消息说一个美国代表团将于明天下午抵达北京。 Is there any proof that the food of the plant differs from that of animals ? 是否有任何证据可以说明植物性的食物不同于动物性的食物呢? We all know the fact that organization helps memorization. 我们都知道这样一个事实:把要记忆的材料组织起来有助于记忆。 What do you think of his proposal that we ( should ) put on a play at the English evening ? 他建议我们在英语晚会上演一个剧,你觉得怎么样?

词类和句子成分的关系初中英语知识点梳理

(she主语)( heard谓语)( a girl 宾语)(sing a song宾补)( yesterday时间状语)

hear/ see/find/watch/listen to/ notice sb+doing/ do sth

hear/see/find/feel等+ sb+do sth (用动词原形表示全部过程,或动作持续时间很短),而用动词ing 表示一部分过程,或动作正在进行。

如:I heard her crying when I passed her room.(heard her crying 表示那是正在哭,听到了哭的一部分,不是全部)

I saw him pick an le.( 苹果持续时间很短)

I listened to him read a text.( 表示从头到尾听到他读完一篇课文)

英语句子成分怎样判断一个词语在英语句子的成分,

  1.谓语: 说明主语的动作和状态。动词在句中作谓语,一般放在主语之后。例如:

 1)The new term begins on September 1st .(行为动词作谓语)

 2)She seems tired. (连系动词作谓语)

 3)He has gone to Beijing. (行为动词作谓语)

  2.宾语: 及物动词涉及的人或物称为动词宾语。宾语一般放在及物动词(或相当于及物动词的短语)后。介词后的名词或代词称为介词宾语。名词、代词在句中常作宾语。此外,动词不定式、动名词和从句也可作宾语。例如:

 1)Wang Ling lent me a novel. (代词me作间接宾语;名词a novel作直接宾语)

 2)The medicine is good for a cough. ( 名词a cough作介词宾语)

 3)My little sister always likes to ask questions. (不定式to ask questions作动词likes 的宾语)

 4)His brother is good at playing chess. (动词名词playing chess作介词宾语)

 5)Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? (coming作动词宾语)

  3.宾语补足语(复合宾语的第二部分): 在宾语后补充说明宾语的动作、状态、特征的成分称为宾补。名词、形容词、动词不定式和动名词可作宾补。(见前面简单句的`五种基本句型五)

  4.表语: 在连系动词后用来说明主语的身份、状态或特征的成分是表语。可作表语的有:名词、代词、形容词、介词短语、不定式、动名词以及表语从句。(参见简单句的五种基本句型三)

初中英语语法定语从句专项讲解与训练

句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、补语、状语、表语七种

主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担.

谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态.谓语由动词来承担.

宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面.宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任.

主语和谓语是英语句子的两大成分,除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整.主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息.例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那麽他们在做什麽呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的.在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后.那麽,哪些词语可以做主语,谓语,何时主谓倒置,主语与谓语的一致情况如何,我将一一讲述.

一、哪些词可以充当主语

1,名词

例如: A mooncake is a delicious, round cake.

The first truck is carrying a few baskets.

The temperature will stay above zero.

The doctor looked over Mrs. Brown very carefully.

China does not want to copy the USA’s example.

2,代词

例如: It’s a young forest.

I don’t know if it will grow.

That’s a bit expensive.

You’d better buy a new pair.

I’m afraid we hen’t got any black shoes.

3,数词

例如:One and two is three.

One is not enough for me. I want one more.

One of them is English.

Suddenly one of the bags fell off the truck.

Two will be enough.

4,不定式 (常以 It’s adj. to do sth. 形式出现)

例如: To give is better than to receive =Its better to give.

I found it difficult to get to sleep.

It’s glad to see you again.

It was difficult to see.

But it’s good to swim in summer.

5,IT 作主语,有如下情况:

1)指代刚刚提到的事物:What’s this ? It’s a bus. (指代what)

2)指代一个你不知道或判断不清性别的人:Who’s knocking the door? It’s me. (指代 who)

Who’s the baby in the picture? It’s my sister. (指代 who)

3) 表示时间,天气,距离:

What’s the time? It’s eight o’clock. (时间)

What’s it going to be tomorrow? It’s going to be rainy.(天气)

How far is it? It’s about one kilometre away. (距离)

6. THERE 引起的There be 句型中,be 作谓语,主语位居其后.如:

There are many different kinds of mooncakes.

There will be a strong wind.

二、谓语

谓语有动词构成,依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类.不论何种时态,语态,语气,凡由一个动词(或动词词组)构成的谓语都是简单谓语.例如:

I like walking.(一般现在时主动语态)

I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)

It is used by trellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)

复合谓语也可分为两种情况:

第一种是由情态动词,助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语:

What does this word mean?

I won’t do it again.

I’ll go and move away the bag of rice with Lin Tao.

You’d better catch a bus.

第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语.例如:

You look the same.

We are all here.

The weather gets wamer, and the days get longer.

Keep quite and listen to me.

He looked worried.

We he to be up early in the moming.

Is Bill in?

School Is over. Let’s go home.

My pen is in my bag.

I feel terrible.

I* fell tried all the time.

He seemed rather tired last night.

连系动词和表语在意思上紧密联系,不宜分割;有关动词的种类这方面知识在课本中已有介绍,此处不多说了.

三、主语与谓语的一致

英语句子的主语和谓语的一致性,是英汉两种语言的区别之一.具体说来有如下特征:

1, 谓语动词在人称和数上应与主语保持一致.如:

Now the teacher es into the classroom.

本句属一般现在时,主语the teacher 为第三人称单数,因而谓语动词e 应加s.

One morming she was working at her desk in the library wher a boy came in. 本句属主从复合句,主句用过去进行时,从句为一般过去时;主句中主语she为第三人称单数,所以谓语为 was working.

1) 主语含有 and 时,如表示一个单一的概念,谓语动词常用单数(特别是当and 连接的是两个不可数名词时),否则用复数.如:

One and three is four. And 前后均为数字,表示同一个概念,谓语动词应用is.

Tea and milk is my fourite drink. 本题中tea and milk 指一种饮料,故谓语用is.

Tom and Li Lei are my best friends. Tom 和 Li lei 是完全不同的两个人,有不同的特征,因而谓语是are.

2) 主语为动词不定式时,其谓语常用单数形式.如:

To give is better than to receive.

It was difficult to see.

It’s best to wear cool clothes.

同样,动名词作主语,谓语动词也为单数.初中阶段只学了一句:

It (playing) is much better than hing classes.

3) 不可数名词作主语,谓语动词视为单数.如:

The best time to e to China is autumn.

The weather in England never gets too hot.

4) 在姓的复数前加the 表示一家人,谓语动词为复数.如:

What time do the Reads he breakfast? 主语是the Reads, 表示里得一家人,谓语动词用do….he.

5) 表示时间的复数名词作主语,常作整体看待,其谓语动词为单数形式.如:

Two months is quite a long time.

6) “几加几等于几”的算式中,谓语动词常为单数.如:

Twenty and forty is sixty.

主 谓

7) 某些表示学科的名词作主语,无论其结尾是什麽,谓语动词都视为单数.如:

Maths is my fourite subject.

主 谓

8) each 以及由some,any,no,every 构成的复合代词作主语,谓语动词为单数.如:

There’s something wrong with my ears!

谓 主

Everyone is going into class.

主 谓

9) what,who which 等词做主语,谓语动词形式视意思而定.如:

What is this?(this 为单数,用is)

What are these? (these 为复数,用are )

Which is your friend? 哪一个人是你的朋友?

Which are your friends? 哪些人是你的朋友?

10) None 作主语,其谓语可以是单数,也可以是复数,此项目并非初中阶段重点,故此不谈.

11) People,Chinese, Japanese 作主语,谓语动词为复数.如:

There are four people in my family.

谓 主

The chinese people are very friendly.

12) population 作主语,指“人口”时,谓语为单数;其前有表示数量的修饰语时,谓语为复数;课本第三册只要求掌握作“人口”讲时谓语的情况:

What’s the population of Germany?

谓 主

What was the population of the world in 1950?

谓 主

Half of the population of China are women.

修饰语 主 谓

2, 由 either …or 或neither …nor 连接的两个并列成分作主语,其谓语动词形式与后一个主语保持一致.如:Either Lily or Lucy is going to e.(Lily和Lucy 谁去都行.后一个主语Lucy 为第三人称单数,谓语用is going to e.)

Either I or he does well in English. 我和他的英语都不错.

Neither I nor she likes swimming. 我和她都不喜欢游泳.

由these 和here 引出的含有不只一个主语的句子,其谓语动词形式由最靠近谓语的主语形式决定.如:

These is a pen, two rulers and three books on the desk.

Here are some cups,a glass and some pears on

句子的成分:

构成句子的基本成分叫做句子成分.句子成分可分为主语,谓语,宾语,表语,定语,状语,同位语.它们可以由单词来担任,也可以由词组,以及句子来担任.

主语

主语是一个句子中所要表达,描述的人或物,是句子的主体.

I work here.

我在这儿工作.

She is a new teacher.

她是一个新教师.

主语可以由名词,代词,数词,动词不定式,动名词,名词化形容词,分词,从句,短语等来担任.

The book is on the desk.

书在桌子上.

I get an idea.

我有一个主意.

Two and two are four.

二加二等于四.

When to be ginisnotknownyet.

什么时间开始还不知道.

What I know is important.

我所知道的很重要.

谓语谓语是用来说明主语做了什么动作或处在什么状态.谓语可以由动词来担任,一般放在主语的后面.

We don't know him very well.

我们不太了解他.

She speaks English fluently.

她英语讲得很流利.

表语表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态.表语须和连系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语.表语一般放在系动词之后.表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任.

These desks are yellow.

这些桌子是**的.

I am all right.

我没事.

We are hy now.

我们现在很幸福.

It's over.

时间到了.

She is ten.

她十岁了.

My work is teaching English,

我的工作是教英语.

The dictionary is in the bag.

词典在书包里边.

My question is how you knew him.

我的问题是你如何认识他的.

宾语

宾语是谓语动作所涉及的对象,它是动作的承受者,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的成分担任,宾语一般放在谓语动词后面.

I saw a cat in the tree.

我看见树上有一只猫.

I want to go shopping.

我想去买东西.

He said he could be here.

他说他会来的.

We think you are right.

我们认为你是对的.

有些及物动词可以有两个宾语,其中一个宾语多指人,另一个宾语指物,指人的宾语叫做间接宾语,指物的宾语叫做直接宾语,可以带两个宾语的动词有 bring,give,show,send,pass,tell等.间接宾语一般放在直接宾语的前面,如果强调直接宾语可把直接宾语放在间接宾语的前面, 但间接宾语前须加"to".

My father bought me a book.

我父亲给我买了一本书.

Give the rubber to me.

把橡皮给我.

Please give the letter to XiaoLi.

请把这封信给小李.

有些及物动词除跟一个宾语外,还需要加上宾语补足语,否则意思不完整,它们一起构成复合宾语,复合宾语中宾语和后面的宾语补足语有一种逻辑上的主谓关系,这也是判断是两个宾语还是复合宾语的依据,宾语可以由名词或起名词作用的词担任.

We all call him LaoWang.

我们都叫他老王.

Please color it red.

请给它涂上红颜色.

We found the little girl in the hill.

我们在山上找到了小女孩.

定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任.如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面.

That is a beautiful flower.

那是一朵漂亮的花.

The TV set made in that factory is very good.

那个工厂生产的电视机很好.

This is my book,not your book.

这是我的书,不是你的书.

There are more than twenty trees in our

school.

我们学校里有二十多棵树.

I he a lot of things to do.

我有好多要做的事情.

Our country is a developing country.

我们的国家是一个发展中的国家.

状语:说明事物发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语.状语可以由副词,短语以及从句来担任.

同位语: 当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语(ositive).这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后.

这篇关于初中英语语法定语从句专项讲解与训练,是 特地为大家整理的,希望对大家有所帮助!

一、定语从句概念

定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。

定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。请看示例:

The woman who lives next door is a teacher.

先行词 定语从句

在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。

二、关系代词引导的定语从句

关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:

先行词 主格 宾格 所有格

人 who whom whose

物 which which

whose

of which

人、物 that that —

(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法

who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。例如:

An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。

I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school. 我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。

Anyone who wants to ly for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。

whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。例如:

Do you know the gentleman whom we met in the school library yesterday? 昨天我们在学校图书馆里遇到的那位先生你认识吗?

This is the student whom my father taught ten years ago. 这是我爸爸十年前教的学生。

The girl who I saw is called Mary. 我见到的那个女孩名叫玛丽。(在非正式英语中,主格who代替了宾格whom,亦可省略)

whose一般代替人,有时亦可代替物,是所有格,在定语从句作定语。例如:

The girl student whose father is a senior engineer used to study abroad. 其父是一位高级工程师的那个女学生过去在国外留学。

Do you know the name of the hotel whose window we can see here? 我们这儿能看到窗户的那个宾馆叫什么名字,你知道吗?(关系代词whose指代先行词hotel,正式用法应该用of which。whose window=the window of which,意思是:the window of the hotel。)

(二)关系代词which的用法

which代替物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如:

I do not like stories which he unhy endings.

我不喜欢有不幸结局的。(which可以换成that)

Tom works for a factory which makes watches.

汤姆在一个制表厂工作。(which可以换成that)

(三)关系代词that的用法

that既可指人又可指物,在当代英语中大多指物,在定语从句作主语或宾语,作宾语时还可省略。例如:

Is she the girl that sells newspapers?

她是卖报纸的那个女孩吗?(that可以换成who)

Where is the ice-cream that was in the fridge?

放在冰箱的冰激凌哪儿去了?(that可以换成which)

Is this the book that you want to buy?

这是你要买的那本书吗? (that可以换成which,在定语从句作宾语,还可以省略)

三、关系副词引导的定语从句

常用的关系副词只有三个:when, where, why,在定语从句中充当时间、地点和原因状语。它们的用法大家不妨记住一个口诀:

the time when

the place where

the reason why

(一)关系副词when的用法

关系副词when代替的先行词表示的是时间,when在定语从句作时间状语。例如:

In Beijing July and August are the months when it rains very often.

北京的七月和八月是常下雨的月份。(when先行词是months)

Do you remember the day when we first went to the Summer Palace?

你还记得我们第一次去颐和园的那一天吗?(when先行词是day, 当代英语里when可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示时间的关系副词)

I hen’t seen her since the year when I left Tokyo.

自从我离开东京的那一年我就一直没见到过她。(when先行词是year,同样when可以用that代替)

(二)关系副词where的用法

关系副词where代替的先行词表示的是地点,where在定语从句作地点状语。例如:

During the Spring Festival I went back to the town where I was brought up.

春节期间,我回到了生我养我的家乡。(where的先行词是town)

This is the place where Li Bai once lived.

这是李白曾经生活过的地方。(where先行词是place)

上面这个句子不可以将where改为that,因为that不能作为表示地点的关系副词。试比较下句:

This is the place that Li Bai once visited.

这是李白曾经游览过的地方。(that的先行词同样是place,但这个that是关系代词,在定语从句中作宾语,可以省略,还可以用which替换)

(三)关系副词why的用法

关系副词why代替的先行词表示的是原因,why在定语从句作原因状语。例如:

The reason why I am phoning you is to ask you whether you he got my email.

我打电话给你的原因是想问问你是否收到了我的电子邮件。(why先行词是reason, 当代英语里why可以用that替代,这时关系代词that就变成了表示原因的关系副词,还可以将why省略)

This is the reason why he came late to school.

这就是他为什么上学迟到的原因。(why先行词是reason,why可以用that替代,还可以省略)

注意:如果上面的句子将the reason省略,那么这个句子就变成了(This is why he came late to school. )表语从句,句子意思丝毫未变。

四、特殊关系代词as引导的定语从句

as是个比较特殊的关系代词,一是用在某些句型搭配里,二是独立于主句之外。下面分别讲解。

(一)在固定搭配as…as, so…as, such…as, the same…as中,as引导定语从句

You may take as many books as you want.

你想要拿多少书就拿多少。(第一个as是副词,修饰many的;第二个as才是关系代词,代替先行词books,在定语从句中作宾语)

I he got such a computer as yours.

我有一台你这样的电脑。(as是关系代词,代替先行词computer,在定语从句中作表语,因为yours后省略了is )

I he never seen so beautiful a place as Guilin.

我从未见过像桂林那样美丽的地方。(as是关系代词,代替先行词place,在定语从句中作表语,因为Guilin后省略了is )

(二)独立于主句之外,as引导定语从句

As we know,

the earth turns around the sun. 正如我们所知,地球围绕太阳旋转。

As is known to us,

(As we know和 As is known to us均为定语从句,as分别作宾语和主语,替代后面的主句。)

Taiwan is, as you know, is an inseparable part of China.

你知道,台湾是中国不可分割的一部分。(关系代词as指代整个主句,在定语从句中作宾语。)

五、关系代词who, which与that的区别

(一)关系代词who与that的区别

1. 当关系代词用作主语时,多用主格who。例如:

He who loses hope loses all.

失去希望的人就失去一切。(先行词为代词he, they, any, all, one等时,多用who)

I met Alice, who told me that she was learning Chinese.

我遇见艾丽斯,她告诉我她在学汉语。(在非限制性定语从句中,用who)

2. 当关系代词用作介词后的宾语时,用宾格whom,不用that。例如:

The man to whom our headmaster talked just now is our English teacher.

我们校长刚才与他谈话的那个人是我们的英语老师。(介词与关系代词紧密相连时,只能用宾格whom,不可用主格who)

注意:介词与关系代词不是紧密相连时,或者说介词放在句子后面时,这时可以用主格who,也可用that,还可以省略关系代词。因此,上面的这句话还可以有如下四种说法:

(1) The man whom our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(2) The man who our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(3) The man that our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

(4) The man our headmaster talked to just now is our English teacher.

第4句简洁、自然,所以口语中用得最多。

3. 当关系代词泛指人时,多用that。例如:

He is a man that is never afraid of failure.

他是个从不怕失败的人。(that用来泛指人)

4. 当关系代词出现在who开头的疑问句时,应用that。例如:

Who is the girl that is talking to Tom in English?

用英语同汤姆交谈的那个女孩是谁?(避免重复使用who,以免造成误解或语义含混不清)

(二)关系代词which与that的区别

1. 当先行词为all, much, little以及不定代词anything, something, everything等时,关系代词多用that。例如:

All that glitters is not gold. 闪闪发光物,未必尽黄金。

She told me everything that she knew. 她把她所知道的一切都告诉了我。

2. 当先行词的前面有形容词级、序数词或限定词the only, the very, all, every, any, no等时,关系代词一般都用that。例如:

This is the best novel that I he ever read. 这是我读过的的一部。

He is the only person that has been invited to the ball. 他是惟一应邀参加舞会的人。

3. 当关系代词出现在which开头的疑问句时,应用that。例如:

Which was the hotel that was recommended to the foreign guest? 哪一个是推荐给外宾的宾馆?(这里使用that很明显是为了避免重复which)

4. 在非限制性定语从句中,关系代词一般只用which。例如:

Beijing, which is the capital of the People’s Republic of China, will host the 2008 Olympic Games. 北京是中华人民共和国的首都,将主办2008年奥运会。

5. 介词后的关系代词用which,而不用that。例如:

She has collected 600 stamps, 60% of which are German stamps. 她收集了600张邮票,其中60%是德国邮票。

六、定语从句的位置

如前所述,定语从句一般总是直接置于所修饰的名词或代词之后。有时候,定语从句与先行词之间插入了其他的短语,这样它们被分隔了,这种情况下的定语从句被称作隔离定语从句。例如:

There was a girl upstairs who was shouting and crying, obviously mad.

楼上有一个女孩,大喊大叫。很明显,她疯了。(定语从句who was shouting and crying修饰the girl,被upstairs所隔开)

A new master will come tomorrow who will teach you German.

明天要来一位新老师教你们德语了。(定语从句置于句末以示强调)